Spatial Disorientation

N99999

New Member
Imagine facing a fast moving train from eight inches away, while standing on a boat in turbulent waters -- that's what flying in night IMC can be like.

I filed my first NASA report. It was relatively minor: inadvertant VFR flight into IMC. By all indications, the situation was nearly unavoidable.

I had made a late departure for my flight from the east coast of Florida to the west. Before departing I called and got a standard briefing. The briefer stated the outlook was VFR for the entire trip with high overcast ceilings. It was going to be a starless night, but with light from the ground. I intentionally did not file IFR as I did not want to fly the FBO rental in night IMC. I had lost a vaccuum pump and a backup once before, though fortunately in day VFR conditions, and I had no intentions of entering night IMC.

Just over an hour into my trip into the lightless sky at 4500 ft, I notice a darker, jagged horizon ahead of me. I had just passed an airport and requested from ATC that I perform a 180 to avoid clouds. I was told to "do whatever I needed to do." I was in the middle of nowhere and it was 11 at night. I climbed from 4500 to 6500 and was still unable to see over the tops of the clouds so I elected to land. The airport where I landed was in the middle of a swamp. I waited around for about a half-hour and received a briefing which stated that there were no adverse conditions and to expect VFR. I decide to look in the tanks before I took off. Both tanks were well below the tabs. My way of thinking is that you only know what you can measure. If the tanks are below the tabs, consider them to be empty. As I pull onto the ramp to spend an uncomfortably hot and muggy night in a 4-seat single-engine airplane, I spot a self-service pump. I could not have been happier.

I gas up, take off and am on my way, crossing 30 miles of sparsely lit swampland under a lightless sky. Twenty miles into it, in spite of my briefer's statements, I spot that jagged skyline again. I was talking to the same controller that I had when I landed to avoid the clouds an hour earlier. Being farther from any city, I spotted the clouds with much less warning. I attempted to dive under them unsuccessfully and ended up in them. Between the mild to moderate turbulence and low overall visibility, I experienced the visual triggers that cause spatial disorientation. It wasn't like training under the hood, flying IMC during the day, or at night over a city with city lights shining through the bottoms of the clouds. Imagine facing a fast moving train from eight inches away, while standing on a boat in turbulent waters -- that's what flying in night IMC can be like. I always were a headlamp when flying at night in case I lose instrument lighting. I turned it on to reduce outside visibility.

I assume that the contributing factors were that the clouds must not have shown up on radar, that there are no reporting stations in the swamp, and that the moisture in the air over the swamp combined with heating and cooling contributed to the formation of clouds.

At the time, I was a low-time pilot with somewhere in the neighborhood of 150-200 hours of total flight time. The day after I completed my PPL, I elected to get checked out in a G1000 equipped airplane. The instructor asked if I had been taught how to perform a 180 in weather. I said that I hadn't, so he pulls up the weather and has me intentionally fly into a mid-summer afternoon dissipation. It wasn't what we have here in Florida; there were only two detected lightning strikes several miles away, but it did get me into zero visibility. It scared me quite a bit.

That night I weighed what I had been considering and thought of the many individuals that told stories of how they'd been working on their instrument rating for decades, or those VFR-only private pilots that refused to fly again after unexpected weather, and decided that, while it would be a time and financial stretch, to go through a 141 program and get my instrument rating, with safety as the objective. The day after completing my PPL, which took me 3 years, four flight schools, six instructors and nearly 90 hours to complete, I started my instrument rating. A month and 40 hours later, I passed my check ride without issue.

The wine I started drinking while writing the post has started to kick in and I'm about to pass out. I'm posting without proofreading, but I hope someone finds this useful.
 
Thanks for posting this, it's insightful for those who have limited experience in night IMC. Ahhhhh, I remember my first time :pirate:......and.......cheers :beer:
 
Thanks for sharing your story. I always enjoy reading experiences like this. I have yet to get any night IMC experience myself, but it sounds like you had a good learning experience from it. Glad everything turned out ok.
 
Thanks for sharing, I have yet to encounter night IMC myself, but it doesn't sound like too much fun.
 
The wine I started drinking while writing the post has started to kick in and I'm about to pass out. I'm posting without proofreading, but I hope someone finds this useful.

Was this part of your NASA report? :D :beer: Thanks for sharing.
 
By all indications, the situation was nearly unavoidable.

I do not concur; it was completely avoidable. The FSS guy does not have a complete picture - that can only be obtained by being there - and you were there. The story reeks of get home itis, and you nearly being a statistic.

The wx was bad enough to get you out of your comfort zone, and you elected to land. Good move. But then you "gave it another shot", by fueling up, and departing again, in spite of your recent experience with the very same wx, and dealing with it all over again?

Just glad you could learn from it.

Sorry, I call em like I see em!
 
Interesting WacoFan fact. My hypothesis is that I'm immune to Spatial disorientation. When my ears were destroyed, leaving me deaf, my vestibular system (balance mechanism) was also destroyed. It took me about a year to learn how to walk again without the use of a walker or cane. Now you can't tell I have a problem at all with walking. If I am plunged into complete dark though I fall immediately. So, my doctor (an ex Air Force guy) and I were talking and I asked him if I could get spatial disorientation any more. He emailed a friend of his who is an ear specialist for NASA and the hypothesis was "No, I'm immune" - also, I was told that I would be immune from space sickness as well. It is an interesting thing and I have flown a full-motion simulator doing unusual attitudes, but need to try an airplane (because the accelleration forces are more intense/better). I've never gotten airsick, so there is nothing to try regarding that, but I have experienced spatial disorientation under the hood before. Anyway, slight thread sidetrack but it would be interesting to find out.
 
I assume that the contributing factors were that the clouds must not have shown up on radar, that there are no reporting stations in the swamp, and that the moisture in the air over the swamp combined with heating and cooling contributed to the formation of clouds.

That is because clouds don't show up on radar.
 
:yeahthat:Controllers' (at least center controllers') scopes only portray moderate and heavier precipitation. No clouds, no lightning, just precip.
 
:yeahthat:Controllers' (at least center controllers') scopes only portray moderate and heavier precipitation. No clouds, no lightning, just precip.

They usually don't have the altitudes either, which is why you will often be asked if you have wx radar, or to "say conditions of flight" repeatedly.

BTW, this is an example of why I am a big proponent of getting a good deal of actual instrument time before getting an instrument ticket.

At 6500 MSL in Florida, the altimeter, turn coordinator and compass (maybe GPS too) are more than enough to get you through clouds at altitude. Exercising caution is a good thing, but being instrument rated, at some point you need to have to confidence to fly through an actual cloud.
 
They usually don't have the altitudes either, which is why you will often be asked if you have wx radar, or to "say conditions of flight" repeatedly.

BTW, this is an example of why I am a big proponent of getting a good deal of actual instrument time before getting an instrument ticket.

At 6500 MSL in Florida, the altimeter, turn coordinator and compass (maybe GPS too) are more than enough to get you through clouds at altitude. Exercising caution is a good thing, but being instrument rated, at some point you need to have to confidence to fly through an actual cloud.

I agree. I knew of a lot of people with their instrument ticket that were afraid of clouds. I actually saw one person take 2.5 hours of moderate chop and clear over flying 2,000ft higher in 3/4 coverage and smooth. That's ok if you don't feel your abilities are good enough to handle the IMC, but I think there should be no way you have an instrument ticket if you're not confident in real IMC.
 
I'm fine with the IMC. It was the plane I was worried about :-D As far as "get-there-itis" is concerned, I was never once in question of my control of the aircraft during this incident. I thought myself to be more competent as a wide-awake pilot at night, with the possibility of IMC, the availability of ATC, than I would be after a night of attempting to sleep in the middle of a 90 degree south florida swamp. These IMC conditions were just a bit creepy because of the relative silence on the airwaves, the mugginess of the weather and the void above and below me. I was aware of the possibility of clouds en-route and I would not have taken off if I was not prepared to handle them. If I found myself in the same situation again, I would have done the same thing, including landing and verifying fuel.
 
Flying night VFR is a bad thing for VFR only pilots. From what I read you are instrument rated and elected to go VFR. Sure its fun flying VFR but if you have the ticket, FILE. However I don't believe low time instrument pilots should be flying IMC alone; however there are exceptions. Enroute while IMC is 'ok' so long as your 'personal' minimums are set high once in the terminal area. Under 100 hours of actual your minimums for approaches should be some where around 1500'.

Like another poster said clouds don't show on radar unless there is some type of precip in them. However, -RA, -SN, or DZ from shallow cloud weather systems are not necessarily detected.

You can use weather products such as satellite to get help determining where the clouds lie. Understanding weather systems to forcast where clouds develop is an even better plan of action.

Accidents normally don't happen from a single mistake. It's a chain of events that lead up the the accident. When I started to read your post it sounded like the beggining of an accident chain. You made it this time, hopefully this can give you insight about the hazards involved in piloting an aircraft. Our job as pilots is to reduce the operational hazards. Once we do; whats left is risk. Once we know the risk involved we can weight the value of undertaking the operation (reward) against the risk.
 
If I found myself in the same situation again, I would have done the same thing, including landing and verifying fuel.

This, Ladies and Gentlemen is a major problem! Seriously, please fly with a cfi-i and let him or her give you some constructive criticism.
 
I assume that the contributing factors were that the clouds must not have shown up on radar, that there are no reporting stations in the swamp, and that the moisture in the air over the swamp combined with heating and cooling contributed to the formation of clouds.

Sorry, radar doesn't and isn't designed to show clouds. Weather radar is designed to show precipitation only, and ATC radar is designed to show airplanes. ATC radar also shows precipitation, but that is not the primary function, and usually it has to be raining pretty good before they will see it on their screen.

Uuhm, moisture combined with heating and cooling contributed to the formation of the clouds...that's pretty much a description of the formation of every cloud in history.

I notice that none of these contributing factors that you mentioned include your own decision making process. You might want to think about that.
 
If you have an IFR ticket, I really don't understand why you didn't just file. You would have been in better shape because the clouds would not have been an issue and if some instruments failed, well you know to deal with that.
I always file IFR if I'm going somewhere unless it will take considerably more time to do so. Then if it's looking like vfr isn't going to last, call up FSS and file in the air.
 
This, Ladies and Gentlemen is a major problem! Seriously, please fly with a cfi-i and let him or her give you some constructive criticism.

The clouds could not have gone below 3000 feet. I could clearly see under them, but I wasn't able to descend below them before I was in them. The purpose of my post was to mention and show an analogy for what can trigger spatial disorientation (I did not become disoriented), and to mention that I ventured a little outside of my comfort zone (it felt more like a walk in the woods in the dark). I did not become disoriented; I maintained control of the aircraft; the cloud bases had plenty of space beneath them; winds were calm throughout the area and I still perceive the greatest dangers to me were the same as I would have experienced without the clouds.

I've made mistakes in the past and, with the exception of failing to file, I consider this incident to have been a learning experience rather than a mistake.

Every now and then I turn to the Internet to share my thoughts, and just as quickly -- whether it's aviation or anything -- I invariably and quickly get frustrated with these types of comments and leave. Don't be a <redacted>.
 
I think that spatial disorientation is something that people don't really understand until they experience it.

When I as instructing I would always take a night cross country to Ocean City, MD. We would depart off of the east facing runway that goes out over the ocean. I would block the instruments to make sure I was the only one who could see them.

Really was an eye opening experience for the students. Its always better to show students something if you can do it safely.
 
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