Spirit’s net margin is trash. It hasn’t been great since early 2018. I’m not familiar enough with Frontier, but I doubt they’re in any better shape.
Airline financials are a matter of public record. Go take a look.
Yes, that’s basically correct. This is why Warren Buffett said for years that he wouldn’t touch airline stock, and why he said a couple of weeks ago that he had made a big mistake not sticking with that earlier advice. The airline are enormously capital intensive businesses. Their fixed costs are outrageous and CAPEX requirements are astounding. This leads them to leverage to the hilt, so their balance sheets are garbage. Meanwhile, costs are always out of control, and because their two biggest costs are labor (slow to adjust because of collective bargaining requirements) and fuel (basically a fixed cost), managing those costs through changing demand cycles is virtually impossible. The result is that airlines even during the best of times are just mediocre businesses. You refer to this as “record breaking profits.” And you’re not wrong. Those profits were record breaking. The problem is that you’re comparing mediocre to bad.
Let’s look at an actual good business. JP Morgan Chase maintains a steady net profit margin of 25%. In good years it hits 30%. That’s an exceptionally good business. How about just a pretty good business? Look at a company like American Express. Most years they exceed a 15% net margin. In general, unless a business is producing a net margin of over 10%, it’s a pretty crappy business.
So what do the airlines do on even a good year? American has been low single digits for years. United mid single digits. Delta occasionally breaks 10%, but even as the best run legacy airline, they still are usually in single digits. Only Southwest is able to break 10% on a fairly regular basis.
This is not the sign of a healthy business. It means the slightest hiccup and you go from profits to losses. If 20% of your revenue disappears? It’s cataclysmic. Every airline would already be in bankruptcy right now if not for the bailout. And it’s only been six weeks.