When the Federales required copilots receive type ratings, there’s a couple regionals where some instructors would hand out failures like wet naps at B-Dubbs. Instead of having the cajones to brief a minor deviance, they basically failed applicants for idiotic reasons.
Maybe ancient history, but in or around 1988, the Feds decided that DPEs were not handing CFI to their liking. They transitioned to all initial CFI rides being done by the FAA. If your 141 school had CFI examining authority, it was revoked. When the backlog of applicants exceeded X months (I forgot the number), they started letting a select group of DPEs take up the slack, but the backlog was still impressive.
There were all kinds of rumors as to why the FAA went this way. Some said the DPEs were being too easy, others said the Feds didn't like the CFI being used as a stepping stone, yet others said they went this way because they wanted CFIs to be "dedicated" and this was a screening mechanism. I never heard anything backed up with facts.
During this transition was where you saw the "larger oral footprint" take hold. It was to the point where 6-8 hour orals were common, you planned a 2 day event, and drove to your checkride at the FSDO. If you got past the oral, you'd fly up the next day (and, hopefully, your airplane was squared away with it's paperwork as well).
The bust rate was significant. In fact, at one point, a first time pass was an extreme outlier. People tried to game the system by doing CFIIs/MEIs as initial rides, since the material was more cut'n'dried, but I'm not sure it ever made a difference.
Needless to say, there was some trauma involved.
I haven't heard from anyone lately that's been through the process, other than to say it's "a significant challenge".
Now on the 121 side, AQP was SUPPOSED to be something different. Lot's of easier, shorter hoops to jump. If you missed a jump, you spun up, no harm no foul, and continued with the process. An "incomplete" didn't necessarily mean "failure". As long as you got to the end and as long as you did OK, you got the ticket with a lot less drama rather than one huge all or nothing total jeopardy event checkride at the end.
Some outfits decided that while they like the cost savings that AQP provides, they don't like the "no jeopardy aspect" for what ever reason, and now every event, no matter how minor, is a jeopardy event. No good deed, it appears....