I don’t like the debt at all, but the bright side is they strategically added it when the economy was down and got amazing rates on it. The fleet modernization is huge and costs money regardless. Now if we could just stop stock buybacks we would have paid off over half the debt. I’m not a finance guru so I don’t understand the buybacks but all of the big three are doing them.
AAL is being run like a Private Equity shop - take cheap debt while they can / could, and use it to fund every dollar of the share repurchase program (in reality they used it to buy the airplanes, but then used their excess cash after that to repurchase the shares...so what actually happened is they funded the share repurchases with the large amount of debt).
If the industry truly is reformed (a big if), it will have been a brilliant tactic by AA. Think of the share repurchase this way: at the moment, all of the airlines trade at tremendously cheap values relative to the rest of the stock market because of the historic stigma. So AAL is betting that in the mid-to-long run, the market will realize that the industry is "fixed" and the stocks will begin to trade more like the rest of the market. If that ends up being true, the potential unlocked value in airline stocks would be a far superior return than simply continuing to grow or investing in the product (potentially much higher). If the industry truly isnt reformed, and we have another round of bankruptcies, AAL will have wished they hadn't taken on all of that debt and hadn't spent as much in share repurchases.
It's a bit simplistic of a way to think about it, but as a company you are always seeking what generates the best returns: growing the airline/investing in the product, buying back your shares, or repaying your debt.
I see this fleet move as really nothing more than overall fleet simplification for American, not really an Airbus vs. Boeing (or A350/A330 vs. 787) debacle. American already has more 787's than A330's, and they are newer, so it makes sense to stick with that type and begin consolidating. I think they will eventually be an A319/738/A321 narrowbody operator, and 787/777 widebody operator. Lots of savings to be had by reducing all the overlapping fleet types.