Over the past five years, the airlines have received from the U.S. government a $5 billion bailout, a $10 billion loan guarantee program, war risk insurance, and a shift of some pension obligations to the government’s Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, which passed their responsibility for these pension plans onto the American taxpayer. Even though the airlines are now experiencing a recovery, they continue to seek ways to shed an additional $2-$3 billion by promoting user fees. All GA groups are united in the belief that user fees equate to bad government and any user fee scheme will inevitably trickle down and be imposed on every aspect of flying in the U.S.
The airlines have falsely claimed that they pay more than 90 percent of all aviation taxes, while their operations make up only two-thirds of activity in the system. They have also said that they subsidize other users of the ATC system by about $3 billion annually. ATA’s proposal calls for a schedule of mandatory user fees or charges for “business aircraft” based on time in the system and number of departures – no matter the size of aircraft, number of passengers, or airports or airspace used. The airlines also want to remove Congressional oversight from the FAA funding process and essentially take over control of ATC by establishing a board that would be dominated by the airlines. In congressional testimony, the airlines have begun to refer to certain classes of airspace as “commercial airspace” as if the airlines have exclusive rights over other users.
AIRLINES DRIVE THE COST
The airlines’ hub and spoke operations have driven the design of our current air traffic control system which produces choke points. This is especially true at the Operational Evolution Plan (OEP) 35 airports, which receive a majority of the FAA’s funds and resources. The OEP 35 airports are predominantly airline hubs that constitute the busiest and most congested airports in the system. At the OEP 35 airports, GA only accounts for six percent of total operations. In fact, when you compare the airlines’ top 20 busiest airports with GA’s 20 busiest, there is zero correlation. Not one of GA’s busiest airports is on the airline list. The ATC system is built for the airlines’ use. Airlines drive the cost of a system that was solely designed to meet their needs and they should continue to pay for the system commensurate with how costs are allocated to operate the system. In other words, the cost of moving an airliner with over 100 passengers between two hubs such as Los Angeles and New York during peak departure and arrival times does not equate to moving a GA aircraft, generally flying at different altitudes than the airliners, between reliever airports in the same cities.
GA has always contributed to the aviation trust fund through fuel taxes that are easily collected and efficiently administered. The amount of fuel purchased has a strong correlation to the time, distance and facilities used by GA aircraft. In contrast, a user fee scheme would require the creation of an inefficient government bureaucracy to bill and collect these fees. Contrary to what the airlines claim, a user fee scheme would actually make the system less financially stable and more vulnerable. During poor economic times when fewer people fly, user fees would have to be increased in order to make up for the reduction in flight operations since the cost of running the ATC system would not decline.
One point that the airlines and GA do agree upon is that our air traffic control system is in need of modernization. But why scrap the stable and reliable funding system that exists today for one that is vulnerable to economic changes and costly to manage? Despite the drastic highs and lows in our economy in the past ten years, the FAA’s budget has remained absolutely stable and in some years has even been increased by Congress above the President’s budget request. Scrapping the fuel tax and implementing user fees to pay for modernization is not the answer. A coherent modernization any plan must be developed that improves capacity, delineates projected costs, and estimates anticipated savings, before decisions can be made on financing a modernization plan. Just as no sensible person would hand a builder a stack of money before seeing the plans and price for a new home, the aviation industry should be told of a modernization plan and its time phased cost before financing can be discussed.