F-117 "Cloaking Device"

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The A-7 Corsairs were what the guys were flying when they were at Nellis versus being "uprange" and they actually were doing some real work, in addition to their main task of supporting F-117 flight, currency, and chase operations. The A-7s were later replaced with the T-38, as A-7s began being retired from the ANG (the 4450th being the last active duty A-7 squadron). In fact, I wrote about a high profile accident in Indianapolis, where one of the 4450th's A-7s crashed at the airport in IND, and the program was VERY close to being exposed after this crash:

http://forums.jetcareers.com/threads/dead-stick-leads-to-a-dead-end.113095/#post-1560527

Interesting thread Mike, thanks for posting your narrative. We were TDY to Nellis several times in the early '80's and while we did not specifically know what was going on, it was pretty well known the A-7's were a front for something in the north ranges.

Great write up and analysis on the Indy A-7 accident. Had several layovers across from the boarded up Ramada Inn back in the day. Very tragic.
 
Interesting thread Mike, thanks for posting your narrative. We were TDY to Nellis several times in the early '80's and while we did not specifically know what was going on, it was pretty well known the A-7's were a front for something in the north ranges.

Great write up and analysis on the Indy A-7 accident. Had several layovers across from the boarded up Ramada Inn back in the day. Very tragic.

Yeah that Indy accident was very close to exposing the whole program. Tragic indeed and a lousy square corner of circumstances to be place into.
 
I'm fairly proficient with the join just because we call audibles so much and I've had great teachers but the ranging between us still eats my lunch at times. Going from one side to the other is where I find myself ripping throttles or popping the boards. Left tac with a slide to right line abreast just kicks my ass.

I couldn't imagine what it would be like if I didn't have my crutches.

Late to the party here, so forgive me for asking... I thought you were a civilian contractor operating UAVs. What has you flying formation in a Lear?
 
I vouch for nothing!!!

I have no hesitation to put my family on board @esa17 's birds. Lear's or his maintained 172's.

Now if Esa is brave enough, I'll take him for a formation flight in the Hawk... 95-1 be damned.
 
I vouch for nothing!!!

I have no hesitation to put my family on board @esa17 's birds. Lear's or his maintained 172's.

Now if Esa is brave enough, I'll take him for a formation flight in the Hawk... 95-1 be damned.
Thanks man!

We do some targeting work for you guys too. One of these days the stars will align!
 
Alan Brown. He's going to be there? How cool. He was at Lockheed for years and then over at the Skunk Works to lead the F-117 team. Brilliant man. He's done quite a bit of guest lecturing and I have often looked for his speaking engagements on the net to see if they were filmed, but I never find much, sadly. He's getting up there in age now. It would be interesting to hear his thoughts on some subjects I can think of. I hope you go and have a wonderful time.

 
Interesting piece from We are the Mighty website, on the selection of pilots during the early black days of the program.......



"The US Air Force’s flight schools have a reputation for churning out some of the best pilots in the world. But not even with that standing, only 558 in the service’s entire history were ever able to earn the title “Bandit” — the name awarded exclusively to pilots assigned to fly the top-secret F-117 Nighthawk stealth jet.

During the first years of the Nighthawk program in the 1980s, candidate pilots were drawn from a pool of fast-jet pilots. Only fighter or attack pilots with minimum of 1,000 hours were considered for the job, though candidates with 2,000 or more hours were preferred, given their extensive piloting experience.

According to Warren Thompson in his book, “Bandits over Baghdad,” stealth program brass struck a careful balance between recruiting pilots with phenomenal service records and pilots who were known to push themselves to the edge of the envelope — constantly demonstrating their prowess in the cockpit of the latest and greatest multimillion dollar fighters in America’s arsenal.

Lockheed_F-117_NightHawk_-_Miramar_01.jpg

An F-117 on display at MCAS Miramar, in 2006 (Photo Wikimedia Commons)

Early Bandits already in the program, having earned their number, were allowed to refer fellow pilots from other units, based on critical evaluations of their skill and abilities as military aviators. The majority of candidates, however, came from fighter squadrons whose commanding officers were vaguely instructed to cherry-pick one or two of their very best pilots, and send them to Arizona to begin training on a new airframe.

Nobody, including the selectees themselves, had much of a clue what they were about to get involved in.

Further adding to the mystery was the fact that this “new” airframe was actually the A-7 Corsair II, an attack jet which had already been in service with the Air Force for a number of years. Nighthawk program evaluators chose the A-7 for its similarity to the F-117 in terms of handling, cockpit layout and flight characteristics. Upon the conclusion of their flight training, candidates would appear for a final series of check rides and tests in Nevada.

The 162d Tactical Fighter Group of the Arizona Air National Guard handled this segment of the selection phase on behalf of the 4450th Tactical Group. The 4450th was the cover for the Nighthawk’s existence, drafted up by the Air Force as a supposed A-7 flight test unit.

The casual observer, and even other military personnel not read into the Nighthawk program, would merely see this outfit as yet another one of the Air Force’s myriad boring units, though in reality, it was anything but that.

355th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_69-6212.jpg

An A-7D Corsair II, similar to the ones prospective Bandits trained on prior to being told what they were actually training to fly (Photo US Air Force)

If the candidates survived the A-7 flight course, passed their final tests in their new jet, and were approved by the selection cadre, they were finally told what they were really there for — to be the next breed of American black operations pilots, flying an aircraft the government habitually denied even existed.

The Nighthawk was developed more as an attack aircraft than a fighter, though it was still granted the “F” designation like other fighters the USAF fields today. Built to evade and avoid radar detection, the F-117 was the deadly ghost America’s enemies didn’t see coming or going, even after it was too late and the bombs had already deployed from the jet’s twin recessed bays.

All prospective Bandits were now introduced in-person to their new aircraft at the Tonopah Test Range, a highly-guarded military facility known to play host to some of the most secretive Air Force projects ever undertaken. After strenuous classroom sessions followed by training missions flown in top-of-the-line simulators, pilots were then taken back to Arizona to Luke Air Force Base, where they would train briefly on the F-15 Eagle, learning to perform a ‘no-flap’ landing, which would simulate the Nighthawk’s handling dynamics during approaches and landings.

F-117_Nighthawk_Front-1024x683.jpg

An F-117 in-flight, as seen from the boom operator’s station in a USAF tanker (Photo US Air Force)

After passing muster, the candidates were handed the figurative keys to the F-117 and were allowed to fly for the first time. Upon their first solo in the Nighthawk, each pilot was assigned a number and were officially awarded the title “Bandit.” As no Nighthawk was ever built with a twin cockpit, instructors flew near their candidates in chase planes while maintaining constant radio contact. After further nighttime and daytime training missions which qualified pilots to operate their jets in adverse conditions, a battery of tests and evaluations followed.

By this time, the class was severely depleted in size – the starting quantity of candidates diminished over time either because pilots opted out of the program, or were dropped by evaluators and instructors just because they weren’t good enough to fly this next-level aircraft. If the candidate was successful in his very last round of testing, he would be sent for further training to become combat qualified and would be initiated as a permanent member of the Nighthawk community.

Pilots were then sent to an operational squadron, where they would go on to fly daring missions in extreme secrecy around the world, from Panama to Yugoslavia, and onward to Iraq. The Nighthawk has since been retired from service, having been replaced by the F-22 in its role as a stealth attack jet, though the Bandit number has been permanently capped at 558, forever sealing the status of these pilots as some of the most elite military aviators in history."
 
Yeah, in another life, I flew it for 3 years in the 8th Fighter Squadron at HMN until just prior to the type's retirement. Am Bandit 670, as it comes to our assigned Bandit numbers to those who have flown this aircraft.

The 117 was very interesting in that being a so-called black program, that worked both for as well as against the program; in that, it was protected because no one knew it existed. But it wasn't getting operationally used, because no one knew it existed. The raid on Libya in 1986 in response to Gadafi's sponsoring of terrorist attacks in Germany, would've been a perfect raid for the 117 to take part in, a type of deep-strike interdiction that was right up the Nighthawk's alley. F-111s were used and planned for, partly because mission planners didn't know of the existence of the 117 or it's capability at the time, which is part of why it wasn't used. Had they been used, it's quite likely that many air miles could've been cut off the route that the F-111s were forced to take due to the number of countries that didn't authorize overflight. What they didn't know, wouldn't have hurt them. Very possible too that we may not have lost the F-111F and crew to suspected radar guided AAA that happened, due to the stealth capabilities. But alas, we will never know.

The A-7 Corsairs were what the guys were flying when they were at Nellis versus being "uprange" and they actually were doing some real work, in addition to their main task of supporting F-117 flight, currency, and chase operations. The A-7s were later replaced with the T-38, as A-7s began being retired from the ANG (the 4450th being the last active duty A-7 squadron). In fact, I wrote about a high profile accident in Indianapolis, where one of the 4450th's A-7s crashed at the airport in IND, and the program was VERY close to being exposed after this crash:

http://forums.jetcareers.com/threads/dead-stick-leads-to-a-dead-end.113095/#post-1560527

F-117 flight operations in the early days were indeed only at night, and only within the confines of the NTTR (Nellis restricted area), namely for secrecy. Later, flights began venturing outside the NTTR at night, under flight plans showing them as an A-7 Corsair. In July 1986, Ross Mulhare was killed in the first operational (not test) accident of the F-117, near Bakersfield, CA. Still a black program, there was high risk of program exposure after this crash too, which was suspected due to spatial disorientation due to the fact that Mulhare had been fatigued from the constant circadian rhythm disruptions of working in the 117 program uprange, was fairly low time in the jet like everyone was (although an experienced and high time F-4/F-15A/F-5E pilot); as well as some negative qualities unique to the jet itself, found to be contributory factors.

The 117 was VERY easy to get spatial-D in, since:

- because the cockpit was so sealed well, there was no "wind rush" or other aural cues of airspeed.......60 knots sounded like 600 knots. This caused a problem when.....

-.......the pilot was flying, as I spent most of my time heads-down in the IRDS display searching for my target and heavily depended on the autopilot to be doing the flying. Visual lookout was kind of a joke, as there wasn't time to and the plane had crappy viz anyway except for out the sides; but then in combat, that didn't matter (though I certainly wasn't maintaining any reasonable see and avoid while VMC in stateside airspace...unsafe in that way, especially when operating outside Class A airspace and any VFR civil plane could be legally tooling around. Very high liability there). The IRDS did have a small mini-HUD like display in the corner of it that showed aircraft attitude only, but we usually decluttered that since there was already a ton of targeting information we needed to be looking at. The jet really did need a WSO onboard.

Later, because of this and a couple more suspected spatial D accidents, all of which were fatal, the F-117 was fitted with what was known as PAARS, or Pilot Activated Automatic Recovery System. When the PAARS button was depressed on the stick, the autopilot and autothrottles engaged (if off), the aircraft recovered itself to the horizon via the closest means available, rolled wings level upright, and established a 5 degree nose-up at 250 knots. Only problem was that in finding the quickest way to the horizon, it didn't know the difference between positive and negative Gs.

Fairly interesting and remarkably in-depth (for 1989 and a civilian newspaper, one year after the F-117 was moved from black to gray):

http://articles.philly.com/1989-06-06/news/26109717_1_small-planes-batlike-pilots


@MikeD If he was an Iranian F-14 Tomcatter. General D would be his JC name.

Ma Fiker Mekoonum avaleen jang baaaaaaaaaaa
 
Yeah, in another life, I flew it for 3 years in the 8th Fighter Squadron at HMN until just prior to the type's retirement. Am Bandit 670, as it comes to our assigned Bandit numbers to those who have flown this aircraft.

The 117 was very interesting in that being a so-called black program, that worked both for as well as against the program; in that, it was protected because no one knew it existed. But it wasn't getting operationally used, because no one knew it existed. The raid on Libya in 1986 in response to Gadafi's sponsoring of terrorist attacks in Germany, would've been a perfect raid for the 117 to take part in, a type of deep-strike interdiction that was right up the Nighthawk's alley. F-111s were used and planned for, partly because mission planners didn't know of the existence of the 117 or it's capability at the time, which is part of why it wasn't used. Had they been used, it's quite likely that many air miles could've been cut off the route that the F-111s were forced to take due to the number of countries that didn't authorize overflight. What they didn't know, wouldn't have hurt them. Very possible too that we may not have lost the F-111F and crew to suspected radar guided AAA that happened, due to the stealth capabilities. But alas, we will never know.

The A-7 Corsairs were what the guys were flying when they were at Nellis versus being "uprange" and they actually were doing some real work, in addition to their main task of supporting F-117 flight, currency, and chase operations. The A-7s were later replaced with the T-38, as A-7s began being retired from the ANG (the 4450th being the last active duty A-7 squadron). In fact, I wrote about a high profile accident in Indianapolis, where one of the 4450th's A-7s crashed at the airport in IND, and the program was VERY close to being exposed after this crash:

Dead Stick Leads to a Dead End

F-117 flight operations in the early days were indeed only at night, and only within the confines of the NTTR (Nellis restricted area), namely for secrecy. Later, flights began venturing outside the NTTR at night, under flight plans showing them as an A-7 Corsair. In July 1986, Ross Mulhare was killed in the first operational (not test) accident of the F-117, near Bakersfield, CA. Still a black program, there was high risk of program exposure after this crash too, which was suspected due to spatial disorientation due to the fact that Mulhare had been fatigued from the constant circadian rhythm disruptions of working in the 117 program uprange, was fairly low time in the jet like everyone was (although an experienced and high time F-4/F-15A/F-5E pilot); as well as some negative qualities unique to the jet itself, found to be contributory factors.

The 117 was VERY easy to get spatial-D in, since:

- because the cockpit was so sealed well, there was no "wind rush" or other aural cues of airspeed.......60 knots sounded like 600 knots. This caused a problem when.....

-.......the pilot was flying, as I spent most of my time heads-down in the IRDS display searching for my target and heavily depended on the autopilot to be doing the flying. Visual lookout was kind of a joke, as there wasn't time to and the plane had crappy viz anyway except for out the sides; but then in combat, that didn't matter (though I certainly wasn't maintaining any reasonable see and avoid while VMC in stateside airspace...unsafe in that way, especially when operating outside Class A airspace and any VFR civil plane could be legally tooling around. Very high liability there). The IRDS did have a small mini-HUD like display in the corner of it that showed aircraft attitude only, but we usually decluttered that since there was already a ton of targeting information we needed to be looking at. The jet really did need a WSO onboard.

Later, because of this and a couple more suspected spatial D accidents, all of which were fatal, the F-117 was fitted with what was known as PAARS, or Pilot Activated Automatic Recovery System. When the PAARS button was depressed on the stick, the autopilot and autothrottles engaged (if off), the aircraft recovered itself to the horizon via the closest means available, rolled wings level upright, and established a 5 degree nose-up at 250 knots. Only problem was that in finding the quickest way to the horizon, it didn't know the difference between positive and negative Gs.

Fairly interesting and remarkably in-depth (for 1989 and a civilian newspaper, one year after the F-117 was moved from black to gray):

Archives - Philly.com
How did they keep the crash a secret? No one saw the wreckage I take it? Another UFO sighting lol
 
When I was in training for the F-117, one of our civilian instructors....Mr Klaus Klause related a story of how ergonomics slowly but surely came to be for this jet. First night of Desert Storm in '91, he was one of the first wave of F-117s going into Baghdad to hit the command centers located deeper than the radar sites on the border the Army AH-64s had hit at almost the same time. It wasn't really known at that time if stealth technology actually worked, as it had never been tested in real-world combat. The F-117, being slapped together from miscellaneous odds and ends from the A-10 (cockpit), F-15A (gear/components), F-16A (FBW) and F/A-18A (engines), it wasn't very ergonomically friendly in the cockpit in a number of ways. As Klause is getting over Baghdad, the AAA that was filling the air in a general barrage fashion starts immediately shifting in his direction, as if it's tracking him. So he begins to slightly change course (which is not recommended for a number of reasons), and the AAA keeps tracking him, with airbursts going off all around him. Finally he really starts maneuvering (to hell with not recommended), thinking "this stealth crap is bullshat, freaking lowest bidder....", finds his target, drops his bombs and gets the literal hell out of there.

Crossing outbound to friendly territory to the south, he's getting his systems back on-line "Fencing out", and notices that his position (nav) lights are still on and thats how the gunners were seeing him: visually. Back then in the 117, there were 5 different switches controlling 5 different external lighting systems, located in 5 completely separate places in the cockpit. On fence-in, he'd forgotten the position lights switch. A few years later, the USAF installed a single "all external lights- extinguish" switch on the left wall panel for ergonomic sake, aptly named the "Klaus switch".
great story and the reason why I try to get guys comfortable with sharing their mistakes/experiences so others can learn and improve. I think guys are so scared of being judged or punished these days that lips are tightly sealed.
 
How did they keep the crash a secret? No one saw the wreckage I take it? Another UFO sighting lol

The USAF acknowledged the crash, they just called it comething else.......such as an F-4 Phantom from George AFB on the standard "routine training mission". :)
 
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