There are two ways to study unemployment during the Great Depression - one method counts workers in the WPA as "employed" and one counts them as "unemployed". Either method shows that the New Deal didn't really have a great effect on employment. Unemployment averaged (depending on which method you subscribe to) between 14%-17% from 1932-1938 with number decreasing dramatically as war production picked up, finally bottoming out in 1944 and 1945 at around 1.8%. So, the New Deal didn't really create jobs. The New Deal really expanded the executive powers of the President, as well as started us on a course toward the welfare state. Some will say "things were still bad, but they would have been much worse without it". This is the same logic that says "Bush kept us safe after 9-11 because we weren't attacked again". The answer to both questions is "maybe, maybe not". Can't really prove the contrary because that is not the course that was taken. The same will apply to this stimulus package. It probably won't help things a lot, but people who are in support will say "yeah, but it would have been much worse without it" - maybe, maybe not. No way to ever know. Another interesting parallel is the role Hoover, as FDR's predecessor, played in making the New Deal happen. Hoover instituted the largest government spending spree that we had known to that point, and made it easier for FDR's package to win approval. This is like W's TARP plan and how spending the $750b probably made Obama's stimulus plan easier to pass.