"Shortly after takeoff" - which is condescending French engineer for "that's not really that important, pilot, pay attention to the shiny pictures."
But yes, you have direct (as in, the movement of the stick is proportional to the deflection of the surface) control of the flight controls on the ground; the load factor order/roll rate order is purely a Normal Law, not-on-ground thing. The transition happens "shortly after takeoff" - with full pitch control transition to normal law taking "about" five seconds. (Roll control is quicker to transition.)
With respect to what @
BobDDuck asked, the long A340s (-600) do have a pitch protection, both in terms of an addition to the crew's pitch order and displaying a limit indicator below 400' RA. The thing will holler "PITCH - PITCH" below 14' RA on approach and landing, too, if the pitch attitude becomes excessive; a pitch demand is also added based on rotation rate to help prevent a tailstrike. I don't think there's a similar "derp prevention" feature on the shorter busses, but it's been a long while since my software engineering and human interface classes.