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let's work with some hypothetical numbers. let's say you have an arrow at max gross weight - 2750# cruising around at 118kts, which is the Va for that weight. it's operating at, hypothetically, 7* AOA. critical AOA is, say, 17*. if you make a full abrupt stabilator deflection at this speed and weight, the wing has 10* AOA to travel before it stalls out. if this input is applied, the airplane will, in fact, reach that critical AOA and stall out before it reaches the 3.8g limit load factor. if you have the same arrow at 2000# travelling at the same 118kts, let's say it's operating at 2* AOA. now if you apply full abrupt stabilator deflection the airfoil will have to travel 15* to stall out. since the wings have to pitch up 50% farther, it takes that much more time to reach the critical AOA, all at the same time the airplane is being accelerated (load factor). the limit load factor will be exceeded before the airplane stalls out. the whole point of Va is to ensure that you could make a full abrupt control deflection and not break the airplane....the only way to ensure this is to make sure that the airplane stalls out before it has a chance to hurt itself.
good enough explanation?
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Is that good enough? Lets end this now...