Besides the two vs one door..... It is really kind of annoying to me to have only one door.
Dutchess has a pressure system vs a vacuum system in a Seminole. But there is no operational difference in how you use the gyros.. They work the same.
The Seminole does not have unfeathering accumulators as I discovered the hard way the first time I feathered the engine in a Seminole... nothing happens when you push the prop lever from feather to full rpm. So the air start procedure is different between the two aircraft. (Maybe the new Seminoles do have unfeathering accumulators, but the old Seminoles do not)
Dutchess has electric prime (nice IMHO), so there's no primer to check in and locked. It makes for an easier engine start.
Seminole manual flaps, Dutchess electric flaps.
8 fuel drains in a Dutchess, 2 for the Seminole.
The following are more "observations" rather than facts.
The pilot in a Dutchess appears to me to sit a little bit higher (a few inches) than in a Seminole (although this might be a personal opinion rather than a actual fact). The aircraft are very similar in physical dimensions.
To me, it seems like the Seminole is very heavy on the controls. You have to "pull" the Seminole off the ground at Vr, whereas the Dutchess just wants to fly at Vr...
Having learned in a Dutchess first, I prefer the Dutchess to a Seminole... I don't know if it would be different if I learned in a Seminole first.