I think I see the answer in here, but since I am not certain, I’ll leave that to the reader.
Instrument Flying Handbook
Q-ROUTES
Naturally, the routes between some points are very popular, so these paths are given route designators and published on charts. The U.S. and Canada use "Q" as a designator for RNAV routes. Q-Routes 1 through 499 are allocated to the U.S., while Canada is allocated Q-Routes numbered from 500 through 999. The first Q-Routes were published in 2003. One benefit of this system is that aircraft with RNAV or RNP capability can fly safely along closely spaced parallel flight paths on high-density routes, which eases airspace congestion. While the initial overall HAR implementation will be at FL390 and above, some of the features may be used at lower altitudes, and some Q-Routes may be used as low as FL180. A Q-Route is shown in figure 3-40.
Paragraph 4-110 of FAA Order 8900.1
B. Performance-Based Operations Aviation Rulemaking Committee (PARC). The PARC has recommended that FAA establish en route operations throughout the Performance-based NAS with a route-to-route separation of 8 NM and obstacle clearance standards of ± 4 NM. These operations will initially be based on a required performance level of RNAV-2 and will use radar as an operational mitigation. PARC also recommended that RNP aircraft with an en route performance of RNP-2 or better should also be authorized to conduct these operations. The FAA is currently (2005) beginning to implement those recommendations.
1) As the RNP fleet matures, these operations are expected to transition to a performance value of RNP-2, without requiring radar as an operational mitigation. These operations must be approved.
2) It is also anticipated that some future routes will be established as RNP special aircraft and aircrew authorization required (SAAAR) routes with 4 NM route-to-route spacing and obstacle clearance of ± 2 NM, using a required performance value of RNP-1 or better. These operations must be approved in accordance with AC 90-101, Approval Guidance for RNP Procedures with SAAAR.