I really hope "Aurora" exists, because if the
X-51A and the
HTV-2 are the furthest we've come with hypersonic aircraft development I'm going to be really disappointed.
It may not even be one airplane, and could instead be a family of similar designs. And it's not called "Aurora", because that budget line was actually the allocation for the Northrop vs. Lockheed stealth bomber competition which Northrop won and ultimately resulted in the B-2 stealth bomber.
In his 1994 autobiography "Skunk Works", Ben Rich wrote:
"The funding for the competition came out of a secret stash in the Air Force budget. A young colonel working in the Air Force "black program" office at the Pentagon, named Buz Carpenter, arbitrarily assigned the funding the code name Aurora. Somehow this name leaked out during congressional appropriations hearings, the media picked up the Aurora item in the budget, and the rumor surfaced that it was a top secret project assigned to the Skunk Works -- to build America's first hypersonic airplane. That story persists to this day even though Aurora was the code name for the B-2 competition funding. Although I expect few in the media to believe me, there is no code name for the hypersonic plane, because it simply does not exist." (Rich & Janos, pp.309-310)
Despite this overwhelming testimony from Ben Rich, whom I greatly admire, I still want to believe Aurora exists. Rich himself was involved in research into unconventional propulsion technology, and in the late 1950s he worked on a project called the
CL-400 Suntan, which was to be a U-2 replacement using a
liquid hydrogen-powered engine (the project was ultimately canceled and Rich instead went to work on designing the variable-position engine inlets on the A-12/SR-71 Blackbird). I bring this up because part of the Aurora legend is that it supposedly uses a highly unconventional propulsion system.
I also always found the geologic evidence interesting - the supposed "skyquakes" that rocked Southern California in the early nineties. USGS has some extremely sensitive seismographic sensors, and can triangulate earthquake epicenters and their depths below (and ABOVE) ground very accurately. They had been recording sonic booms for decades, and the skyquakes were stronger and uncharacteristic of anything they had seen before. Furthermore, according to the
Aurora Wikipedia page (and an
aviation week article by Bill Sweetman in 2009), a retired NASA researcher who used to specialize in sonic boom analysis named Dom Maglieri took a look at Cal Tech's 15 year old skyquake seismographic data and determined it was "something at 90,000 ft (c. 27.4 km), Mach 4 to Mach 5.2." That's pretty crazy, and if true - would indicate Aurora was only barely nudging the hypersonic range and was closer in capability to the Mach 3 SR-71 rather than the ICBM-launched Mach 20
DARPA Falcon HTV-2.
Hacker15e said:
Doughnuts-on-a-rope photos are so 1993.
You cracked me up when I read this. I can't find the article anymore but I ran across a story recently that San Diego experienced its first "sky quake" since the early nineties within the last couple months. Gives me nineties nostalgia (even though I was just a kid).
Back to the topic of unconventional propulsion, the Aurora page actually led me to something even more interesting -
a theoretical hypersonic Russian aircraft called Ayaks. Apparently Ayaks was designed in the late 80s by a guy named
Vladimir Freishtadt at a company in St Petersburg called Leninets Holding Company "as a response to the American Aurora aircraft program." The Ayaks wikipedia page contains diagrams of the propulsion system and basically spell out the plan to use a
MagnetoHydrodynamic (MHD) Bypass Engine (from Proudpilot's quote below), wherein an MHD generator is used to slow down the incoming supersonic air in lieu of conventional inlet methods (the ramps in the inlets on the Concorde or the movable-spike inlets you see on the MiG-21 and the SR-71 Blackbird). MagnetoHydrodynamic propulsion should sound familiar if you're a fan of 90s action movies - it powered the silent Caterpillar-drive in "The Hunt For Red October." It was also brought up by Proudpilot in the "hypermach.com" thread last month:
I looked up my old Hypersonic project and I had forgot about MHD. Basically it ionizes air to subsonic just for the air inlet allowing a turbofan to operate at much higher speeds. The goal is to allow a turbofan to take you to hypersonic speeds where a scamjet can take over.
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/ar...onic-turbojet-using-mhd-energy-bypass-219922/
http://mipse.umich.edu/files/MIPSE_GS2011_Yee.pdf
Like MikeD said, HAVE Blue made its first flight in 1977 and the general public had no idea what a "stealth fighter" was until 1988. Likewise the Aurora myths started in the late 80s (with the doughnuts-on-a-rope/skyquake stuff in the early 90s) and that NASA article that publicly discusses MHD's use in ramjet shows up in 2007 along with these mysterious Russian Ayaks (Aurora knock-off?) plans which utilize the same propulsion technology - if the stealth fighter could stay in the black world for a decade I think an Aurora-type aircraft could easily do the same for as long or much longer.
I also think it's interesting that the recent resurgence of the Southern California skyquakes and interest in Aurora corresponds with the DARPA Falcon HTV-2 flights, and it's clear through the
Prompt Global Strike program that the Air Force wants a rapidly deployable conventional weapon delivery system. The HTV-2 and X-51A Waverider are some "white world" solutions to this program, but the HTV-2 has the misfortune of being launched on an ICBM and could be mistaken for a nuclear weapon (prompting a nuclear counter-attack).
Aurora may very well be a fairy tale, and there is absolutely no hard evidence that it exists. But I find the numerous little circumstantial clues compelling. My personal grossly-speculative theory is that Aurora
did fly in the early 90s as a reconnaissance platform demonstrator, and was decommissioned and put into storage at Groom for the last 15 years. Now with the AF's desire for Prompt Global Strike, it has been taken back out of storage to investigate its potential role as a rapidly-deployable hypersonic conventional weapon delivery vehicle. And if you think I'm crazy for thinking that a high speed/high altitude spy plane would ever be converted into a weapons delivery platform, take a look at the
Lockheed YF-12 Interceptor program.
