[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]With a primary mission to prevent the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) from infesting the Los Angeles Basin and California, the Medfly Preventive Release Program (PRP), located on the Joint Forces Military Training Base (JFTB) in Los Alamitos, CA, is the largest sterile release program in the United States. The PRP is a cooperatively funded operation between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). The Medfly garners such attention because it is considered the most serious insect threat to both the California and U.S. economies. With the ability to infest over 250 different varieties of fruits and vegetables, this exotic pest has the potential to wreak havoc on the agricultural industry, the consumer, and the economy if it were to become established in California or in the U.S.
[/FONT][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The purpose of the PRP is to prevent Medfly colonization by utilizing continuous releases of sterile Medflies throughout the Los Angeles Basin, including major portions of Los Angeles (1189 sq. miles), Orange (631 sq. miles), Riverside (271 sq. miles), and San Bernardino (398 sq. miles) Counties. The preventive release of sterile Medflies over 2,489 square miles of the greater Los Angeles Basin is one aspect of a pro-active, comprehensive pest prevention plan, which helps to protect California commerce, the U.S. fruit-producing industry and the environment. The PRP spends less than $20 million dollars annually to protect a $24 billion industry in California alone.
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[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The PRP began in July 1996 following a successful two-year area wide release of sterile Medflies to eradicate existing populations of Medflies in the Los Angeles basin. Each week, 450 million sterile Mediterranean fruit fly pupae are delivered to the Preventive Release Program’s rearing and release facility on the JFTB in Los Alamitos. The sterilized pupae are air freighted seven days a week, year-round from production facilities operated by the USDA and the CDFA in Hawaii and Guatemala. Once the pupae arrive at the JFTB they are placed into plastic incubation containers where they will emerge into adults within 48 hours. The containers are then placed in modular rooms designed to hold up to 20 million sterile flies.Four days after the sterile Medflies were received as pupae, they are released as adult flies from fixed wing aircraft over the Los Angeles Basin. To prepare for the aerial releases, the adult sterile flies must first be collected from the incubation boxes and transferred into special drop boxes that will fit in the aircraft. In order to accomplish this task without flies escaping, the flies are placed in refrigeration trailers and chilled to 38°F, a process called “knock-down”. The cold temperature places the flies in a state of rest, which allows the orderly transfer into the drop box. Since the flies will continue to be held at 38°F during the entire flight, coordination between pilots and knockdown teams is vital to since the flies can only be held at the cold temperature for a limited amount of time. Once the flies are loaded into the aircraft, the pilots are ready to depart from the airfield at the JFTB and proceed to one of 34 regions dividing the sterile release area.A fleet of three Beech-90 King Air and four Beech-18 turbo-prop converted aircraft distribute the flies. The aircraft are owned and operated by K&K Aircraft, Incorporated of Bridgewater, Virginia and are under contract with the USDA. Each aircraft has been specially equipped with a “chilled adult release machine” that keeps the sterile flies at the proper temperature while releasing them at the rate of 31,250 male flies per square mile per flight. With a lifespan of as little as a few days, the sterile flies must be released twice a week over each square mile in order to maintain viable flies in the environment at all times, for a target release rate of 62,500 sterile male flies per square mile per week. Each flight can carry over 5 million sterile Medflies, and the average flight takes three hours to complete. The pilots use the satellite navigation system AgNav to assist with flying predetermined flight lines. In addition to providing accurate navigational guidance to the pilots, the AgNav system records flight and release data and allows program managers to review the operations. A typical week features 56 missions flying over 15,000 linear miles to release in excess of 300 million sterile Medflies. The program processes approximately 500,000 sterile flies per week from a trapping array of 15,000 traps that are serviced at weekly intervals and conducts focused fruit cutting to monitor potential introductions and sterile fly effectiveness.In the first six years of the program, over 90 billion sterile Medflies have been released during 15,000 flight missions traveling over 3,600,000 linear miles. In addition to the normal preventive releases, the program is tasked with conducting sterile release eradication programs for Medfly and for another pest species, the Mexican fruit fly, when infestations are found. The strategic location of the PRP’s operation at the JFTB allows the program to respond swiftly and economically with sterile fruit flies to any infestation in southern and central California. [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]To date, the PRP has been very successful, resulting in a 97% reduction in the number of Medfly infestations in the Los Angeles basin and saving over $145 million dollars in eradication costs since the beginning of the preventive releases.
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