C421 down near CA/NV border

All this talk about spinning twins (I would expect Mosquitos, Lightenings and Tigercats did fine) is kind of silliness.

Unless you can do the following, in a Ford Trimotor at the same altitudes, then you are a silly and scared little girl sucking on an all day lollipop. This includes Boeing flight test engineers, mshunter and the rest of y'all.

 
I got into an inadvertent spin while flight training in a rickety old Seneca I. Something I don't care to see again.
 
Derg said:
I got into an inadvertent spin while flight training in a rickety old Seneca I. Something I don't care to see again.

It made a great reenactment video though!
 
Well keep in mind you have an equal weight on the other side of the airplane.

But how does that account for the location of the spin axis? If the spin axis just moved fore and aft along the airplane's longitudinal axis then the equal mass would have minimal affect. What this doesn't account for is lateral movement of the spin axis. What if the spin axis is located out forward of the wing tip?(check out the tri-motor video) Wouldn't the outside engine have more angular momentum than the inside?

I don't know what it would take to get your average twin to do this, since I don't got out spinning twins for chits & giggles or know anyone who does.... From what I've found it's usually the departures caused by gyroscopic forces that seem to cause the spin axis to move laterally. In most aerobatic airplanes it will usually settle down back to normal once the developed phase begins. But who knows for a normal category airplane that doesn't go through spin certification???

The mass distribution issue is really just one piece of the whole puzzle that contributes to an airplane's spin characteristics. Just being a twin does not mean squat as long as everything else engineered to perform. I think just because twins don't go though spin certification gets everyone all antsy. Cirrus anyone?
 
Cirrus anyone?

Cirrus didn't have to do spin certification in the US because of the chute. The were relieved of the requirement because of the wing and the chute. The FAA calls the program "ELOS" or Enhanced Level Of Safety. The didn't put the chute in because it would come out of one. It did have to show that it was recoverable from a spin in Europe before they would let it be certified over there though. I have had a Cirrus in a spin, inadvertanly. It came out quicker and more crisp than any Cessna product I have ever flown. As soon as back pressure was released, the wing was back at flying. In a Cessna, in a fully developed sind, it took about three times as long for me to feel like I had the airplane back. Damn, now I sound like a Cirrus "fanboi."

http://whycirrus.com/engineering/stall-spin.aspx
 
Cirrus...

Nope... Not even gonna touch this one with 10ft pole. I'm familiar with it. I was there when 9SR arrived new from the factory... I was just comparing the "errrmuuuhgrrrd" thinking when it comes to committing aviation in certified aircraft that haven't received spin certification.

I'm gonna roll with, "know what it takes to get it there and just don't do it". The vast majority of GA aircraft are soooo inherently stable anyway. Give the test pilots something to do....
 
Nope... Not even gonna touch this one with 10ft pole. I'm familiar with it. I was there when 9SR arrived new from the factory... I was just comparing the "errrmuuuhgrrrd" thinking when it comes to committing aviation in certified aircraft that haven't received spin certification.

I'm gonna roll with, "know what it takes to get it there and just don't do it". The vast majority of GA aircraft are soooo inherently stable anyway. Give the test pilots something to do....

Ever seen the NASA spin videos from the late 70's. The even had to pull drag chutes on 172's. I was blown away.
 
OK MSHunter, I am finally done with my real work, and ready to come back and answer questions here. I really was tempted to just let this all slide, since it looks like it died down, but chose not to.

I wasnt sure which post of yours I wanted to start with, so I will just respond to this one,and then go back and make a few extra comments to some other folks.

You started with "With all that inertia out on the wings it's nearly impossible to recover in a twin"

Then you came back with " Let an airplane get slow, and develop into a spin, rather than just go incipient, and the recovery with all that extra weight away from the center of rotation become very diccifult to slow down" I assume you mean difficult here.

So we went from "nearly impossible" to "difficult" in about 2 posts.

Then you went into the dick lecture, which was nice. So since you started that, here is my response. I tried to tell you my background as a DER Test Pilot, not to brag (if you want to read my whole bio, go to www.mmoaviation.com - thanks Kristie), but to show that I wasn't some 20 hour teenage student pilot that thinks they know everything and has to answer every post whether they add something or not, or regardless of if they truly know what they are talking about (wow, what a run on sentence, no wonder I am an engineer and not an english lit major). I would think that maybe you would compare your own experience and think before posting as to whether you wanted to ask questions instead of attacking, as maybe you could learn something. Believe it or not, there are many experts on this board, from FAA Doctors to Engineers to fighter pilots to Bush pilots and yes, the occasional test pilot. A lot of us don't post much because we don't like getting drawn into the mud, but we have a lot to offer if you listen. In many ways, you sound like my 9 year old son who tries to tell me I don't know how to do math. In my job I often have to certify that I have "Not used exceptional piloting skills" to achieve the test results. Have you ever had to use that line? So can you just accept that just maybe I know more than you on this subject?

Now, back to the topic on hand. There is nothing inherent with a twin engine airplane that makes it impossible to recover from a spin. Period. In many ways, their increased inertia helps prevent it as do there relatively larger rudders. Many other posters, 22left and inverted, prominent among them, were quick to point out p factor and gyroscopic forces. They are completely correct that these can help get the plane into a spin and keep it there. That is also why the very first step of spin recovery is Power to idle, to remove these forces as much as possible. I will retract slightly that the weight plays no role, because it can, but its role is way down the list of things that matter. Spin recovery is based primarily on CG, tail design and rudder effectiveness, and most importantly on proper procedure. Few airplanes will enter into a spin without aggravated control inputs. Yes, many airplanes will not recover from a spin in some or any condition, but there are just as many singles as twins that share this.

Now, to the real topic of this post, the crash of a 421. Again, I mention that I own a 421 not to brag, but to show that I might have experience that would be useful. I dont want to speculate on what the cause was, as that is up to the NTSB, but I am very interested to try to ensure I don't encounter the same thing. It is always easy to learn from others misfortunes.

The airplane was in a descent, in likely very turbulent air. It was probably pretty light, with just one pilot on board. There are almost no 421 pilots that descend at idle due to the geared engines, so there was probably at least 50% power on. He would be descending at a very low angle of attack. I dont know if he had spoilers or not, which could effect the situation a bit. Even assuming he leveled off, he should have had enough power to maintain level flight and not stall Yes, he could well have had a gust upset that led to a stall, but it is unlikely that alone would cause a spin, without some other input. So, I am very curious as to what happened and why. From the reports, the weather was almost certainly a factor. I hope they can figure it out.

You can feel free to continue this either here or via PM. After I finish answering a couple other posts on this I will go back to lurking as it is much easier

jim

Well I appoligize. IMO, his post came off as a dick, so I said so. But at Doug, I have already sent him an appolgy, because you brought it to my attention that that post came off that way, and that wasn't it's intent.

But, when someone comes across as a dick, and admits that that is the way the post is, that's okay because? Just looking for some fair and unbiased moderation.

I am more than willing to continue this via PM's, as I feel this isn't the thread to discuss this in if you'd prefer.
 
I'm pretty sure the only people qualified and privy to facts enough to really speculate on this matter are headquartered in a nice building at L'Enfant Plaza.

ntsb_logo.jpg

You are most correct
 
The 421 does not have counter rotating props.

You are correct that the other forces would come into play, but you are also certainly aware that the spin recovery method step one is for power to idle to remove these from play. Yes you can stall at any airspeed and attitude, but it is rare to spin without adverse control input

The weight may not factor in, but P factor, asymmetric thrust etc will be a huge factor. Does the 421 use counter rotating props or is it a conventional twin? You can't spin if you don't stall, but you can stall at any airspeed. Who knows what exactly happened up there.
 
So I really dont know where to start with the reply here as you are clearly so clueless on this that I am almost speachless. I am going to rip a bit on you here because you deserve it, and because I have so many PMs asking me to do so. So maybe I am a bit of dick after all.

"Educate myself because you wont help me" is about the most classic thing I have read here. Please inform me of your qualifications to help me. I am really dying to know what your real background is so that you can teach me. Go ahead, list them here so I can be enlightened. How many spin certification programs have you done? Not just spinning some acrobatic plane well within its envelope, but one to show where those limits are.

Your edit should have removed the entire post. As Bumblebee said later, this is very bad advertising for you

Well you are doing a really good job of being a dick. Ever flown a V-Tail Bonanza with full tip tanks? They "wag their tail" even worse than one without, because of the extra weight on the tips, because of the extra inertia that it imparts on the airframe. Tourqe applied is torque applied. Kudo's to you for spinning a King Air. IMO, you're foolish and lucky to be alive.

Educate yourself, because with your attitude, I won't help you. It's great that you have spun airplanes that are prohibited to do so in. And I'm happy that you yourself own a 421. Great job flexing you internet muscle. I'll leave you a few links from what many consider to be the "source" on spins, causes, aerodynamics, etc. of spins. The are from Rich Stowell. He has been teaching EMT programs for enough years to really know what he is talking about. I worked with him for a few years, and learned a lot from him. As well, TwoTwoLeft taught/still teaches his program, which is why I tagged him in my previous post. I chose not to go into a long winded reply last night because it was late, and I had a few beers with friends at dinner, and I usually choose not to speak aviation when I have done any drinking. Read up, your facts are wrong. There are inertia forces, gyroscopics forces, and aerodynamic forces at work in a fully developed spin that can make it unrecoverable, in any airplane, even one certified for aerobatics.


http://www.richstowell.com/

http://ehfc.net/StallAndSpin.pdf

http://books.google.com/books?id=_4nGtx-_jHUC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=does inertia effect spin recovery&source=bl&ots=J8rV4qJ0D5&sig=uLduSoz88qcaXU4Oh9fwc4qNH58&hl=en&sa=X&ei=w7WXUdyrKsKYqgHisoDoDA&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=does inertia effect spin recovery&f=false

Edit to add: I just realized you say you are a DER and have spun a King Air, inverted. How'd you keep it running, inverted, to enter an inverted spin?
 
I have had both the 90 and the 200 in a spin. Both were inadvertent and both as part of a FAA certification effort. I certified the KA90 winglets as well as the entire King Air 250 program.

We were testing power on, aft cg stall characterisics. Needless to say, the aircraft display less than stellar handling qualities here.

If the aircraft had not responded to the recovery techniques I wouldnt be telling the story. That is the most important part of this thread...the recovery (EDITED TO CLARIFY THE PARE RECOVERY STEPS) - thanks TwoTwoLeft

P POWER TO IDLE
A AILERONS NEUTRAL
R RUDDER TO CONTERACT THE ROTATION
E ELEVATOR TO NEUTRAL (or forward of neutral)

After the rotation stops

Rudder to Neutral
Elevator to Recover to level flight

Please remember PARE, It could save your life some day

The engines don't need to be running for it to depart normal flight... Negative airframe loads, altitude loss and having enough time to restart would seem to be some issues.

Jimflyfast
But yeah, I'm kind of wondering this too... Was it a 90/100 or 200/300? There's not much info out there about spin testing in light twins, let alone something the size of a King Air. How the hell would you even be able to bail out or install an effective spin chute that wouldn't significantly alter the CG or airframe?
 
Hopefully I have answered your questions. You seem to have the background to add to what I have written here. Please do

Maybe in LAS you can meet someone who has used those words below in a sentence

That's great! I'm looking forward to seeing what he has to say.

When someone of that caliber makes a statement contrary to what you've experienced and been taught it's only natural to want to know why.

Also, I've never met anyone who's used "inverted spin" and "King Air" in the same sentence with out the word "Prohibited"....
 
Please be careful on Vmc demos in the barons. They have a strong tendency to enter a unrecoverable flat spin. I know, I paid for most of my college doing legal work on too many Baron accidents.

The rest of your statements are dead on.

The thing with P-factor is the amount of force it creates is dependent on horsepower available and AOA of the descending blade. I did a Vmc demo once in an E55 Baron with naturally aspirated IO-520s where the density altitude was in excess of 11K. It wouldn't do it. It was clearly going to stall prior to running out of rudder authority. IMO this is by far a worse scenario than just losing directional control with a Vmc roll.

Yaw is yaw & roll is roll. A big part of flying is knowing where it can come from and to keep it from biting you in the ass.
 
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