Breakout 91.213 discussion from Icing thread...

[modhat]All the posts above this point came from the Icing thread to here, trying to separate the two discussions.[/modhat]
 
Re: Icing

Only place I see that is in the military. A preflight (maintenance BPO), when accomplished, is annotated in the aircraft forms and is good for 72 hours if the aircraft isn't flown. Pilot-wise: our preflight checklist has the items to be preflighted. On that checklist, there are items marked with an asterisk symbol and those are items that must be re-checked (re-preflighted) following a quick turn, or such, prior to starting up again. It's maybe 40% of the original items. Maybe GA needs something similar, if only to answer the questions tha have popped up in this thread?

I would say, "no," simply because I don't think a significant number of accidents would be prevented by such a system in the civilian/GA world. More procedures and regulations are the last thing I'm interested in ;)

But it is interesting how the military spells everything out like that.

My point with the reccomendation is not so much to add any new regulation, but to define the questions that are being posed here and no one had an answer to (ie- when does a preflight expire? what needs to be done on (what we term in the military) a thruflight?

How else to answer those loopholes?

you're both dangerous.

Just thought I'd let you both know that.

Since you both don't like the military way of preflights and thruflights.

Carry on. :D

Mike, I never said I didn't like the military way, I was just ignoring you.

:D

In fact the Citation and Lears that I fly have similar checklist items, but I didn't want to get off track from the other discussion which was centered on the single-engine GA type operations. The C550 and LJ45 checklists have items that are marked to indicate first flight of the day items, and we also have a separate checklist for Quick Turns. I don't recall off the top of my head if there is a written definition on what time limit constitutes a "Quick Turn" as opposed to "Same Day" though. Anyway I'm on board with that whole concept, I'm just philosophically opposed to stroking your ego by agreeing with you too often.

TFR3D.gif
 
Re: Icing

Thats like saying I don't need to use O2 at FL210 in a non-pressurized airplane because part 91.205 comes before 91.211. Not really understanding your logic here.

My point wasn't about the order of regulations - sorry if that wasn't obvious - but rather what was in the ones in question.

My specific point was this:

"If it says I don't need a landing light to do pattern work in the daytime I'm not checking it."

Happy to clarify further if you still don't understand my logic.
 
Re: Icing

Only place I see that is in the military. A preflight (maintenance BPO), when accomplished, is annotated in the aircraft forms and is good for 72 hours if the aircraft isn't flown. Pilot-wise: our preflight checklist has the items to be preflighted. On that checklist, there are items marked with an asterisk symbol and those are items that must be re-checked (re-preflighted) following a quick turn, or such, prior to starting up again. It's maybe 40% of the original items. Maybe GA needs something similar, if only to answer the questions tha have popped up in this thread?

There are a couple of outfits up here that have that, fairly rare though. Personally I think its a great idea, the problem is that most GA stuff isn't complex enough to merit it (IMO) and anything big enough to merit it is usually flown by two pilots on the Civvie side of things.
 
Re: Icing

Fair enough. There are merits to what you're saying. But I'd encourage you to think critically about why you do it the way you do, and why you draw the lines where you draw them--especially if you might teach in the future.

Because, trust me, student pilots *will* ask you why things are done a certain way and you'll need to give them a good answer. Think about how you're going to explain why getting a full weather briefing and doing a full IFR preflight (probably about 30-45 minutes of prep) is needed for running a few laps around the pattern on a nice VFR day.

Personally, I can't come up with a reasonable explanation for something like that. Therefore, that's not the way I do it, nor is it the way I teach it.
Wow, just wow.
 
Re: Icing

It takes 5 minutes to change a nav light... and if you catch it during the day while maintenance is around you might be saving someone's night flight.... because they'll find it burned out when nobody is around to fix it...

Just sayin ;)
 
Re: Icing

Care to elaborate? I'm always happy to defend myself.
please do, I'd just absolutely LOVE to hear your justification of why its OK to teach students to not do a weather briefing. Or why you think it's a good idea to teach students to only do a partial preflight.
 
Re: Icing

please do, I'd just absolutely LOVE to hear your justification of why its OK to teach students to not do a weather briefing. Or why you think it's a good idea to teach students to only do a partial preflight.


Well if you're in the pattern I would think that the current ATIS is sufficient... if you're at an airport with no weather... what's a weather briefing going to tell you?
 
Re: Icing

please do, I'd just absolutely LOVE to hear your justification of why its OK to teach students to not do a weather briefing.

Whoa, hang on, I never said anything about not doing a weather briefing!

I said a *full* weather briefing. Maybe I could have been more clear about that. When I take a trip somewhere, I get a full briefing. And by "full" briefing, what I mean is, I'm looking at METARs, TAFs, area forecasts, radar pictures, satellite pictures, winds aloft forecasts, etc. The full deal.

When I go out to zip around the pattern a few times, I look at METARs and TAFs, and that's about it. Do you think looking at satellite pictures and winds aloft forecasts are really critical for staying in the local area? If so...why?

Or why you think it's a good idea to teach students to only do a partial preflight.

Have you read the rest of this thread yet?

Your question is basically what SteveC and I went back and forth about for three pages or so.

The answer lies in what one considers to be a "partial" preflight. I consider my method to be a complete preflight for the flight at hand. I don't check equipment that I reasonably expect to have a near zero chance of needing.

You can read the rest of this thread to see our thoughts in depth.
 
I'm with jrh on this one.

If a piece of equipment is not likely to be required on a given flight, then there really isn't a need to check it. Same goes for weather briefings, full gas tanks, paper W&B, ect.

I think is absolutely nesacery to teach students to think for themselves and evaluate the risks of each flight. Rather than just doing something "because my CFI said to". Treating student pilots like children is very common, but does not prepare them for the real world after they earn their liscense.
 
Re: Icing

Whoa, hang on, I never said anything about not doing a weather briefing!

Have you read the rest of this thread yet?

No need to waste your time - look at his post history. Of course he's not going to read the whole thread to actually try to understand you - he's going to imply a whole lot without trying to gain understanding. The one other (locked) thread he was in should explain it all.
 
Re: Icing

Wow, great discussion. First let me say that I am on the Jrh side here, sorry Steve no soup for you. I would like to pick apart a couple things though:



What answer do you give when a ramp check includes the question "are all the equipment and instruments operational on this aircraft?"

To answer this let me copy and paste from the regulation, pay attention to the bolded words:

MR. FAA said:
§ 91.213 Inoperative instruments and equipment.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section,

....

(d) Except for operations conducted in accordance with paragraph (a) or (c) of this section, a person may takeoff an aircraft in operations conducted under this part with inoperative instruments and equipment without an approved Minimum Equipment List provided—

(1) The flight operation is conducted in a—

(i) Rotorcraft, non-turbine-powered airplane, glider, lighter-than-air aircraft, powered parachute, or weight-shift-control aircraft, for which a master minimum equipment list has not been developed; or

(ii) Small rotorcraft, nonturbine-powered small airplane, glider, or lighter-than-air aircraft for which a Master Minimum Equipment List has been developed; and

(2) The inoperative instruments and equipment are not

(i) Part of the VFR-day type certification instruments and equipment prescribed in the applicable airworthiness regulations under which the aircraft was type certificated;

(ii) Indicated as required on the aircraft's equipment list, or on the Kinds of Operations Equipment List for the kind of flight operation being conducted;

(iii) Required by §91.205 or any other rule of this part for the specific kind of flight operation being conducted; or

(iv) Required to be operational by an airworthiness directive; and

(3) The inoperative instruments and equipment are—

(i) Removed from the aircraft, the cockpit control placarded, and the maintenance recorded in accordance with §43.9 of this chapter; or

(ii) Deactivated and placarded “Inoperative.” If deactivation of the inoperative instrument or equipment involves maintenance, it must be accomplished and recorded in accordance with part 43 of this chapter; and

(4) A determination is made by a pilot, who is certificated and appropriately rated under part 61 of this chapter, or by a person, who is certificated and appropriately rated to perform maintenance on the aircraft, that the inoperative instrument or equipment does not constitute a hazard to the aircraft.

If I am in a non-turbine small aircraft, the equipment isn't part of VFR type certification or aircraft's equipment list or 91.205 or part of an airworthiness directive, placarded or removed, and I have determined it to not cause a hazard to the flight then I am fine. So the remedy to avoid this seems to be just mark everything you don't need in these lists as INOP. Seems kind of silly but you are completely within the regulations if you do that.

My reply to the FAA would be similar to this. Point out how this regulation reads and ask him/her, seriously and not with sarcasm, if they really want me to mark everything not on the lists as INOP. Explain that I checked each item on the lists as well as any other items I felt were pertinent to safety for this flight.



That said, my agreement with Jrh isn't on the basis of this regulation. It is simply to teach what is necessary to be safe and live to fly another day. We have to draw a line in what we teach somewhere. I want my students to know 91.205 like the back of their hand and check for that. I also want to see weight and balance, takeoff/landing distances, and an applicable weather brief for the operation being conducted.

Using their brain space to memorize a 101 item preflight check leads me to believe that something far more dangerous will be forgotten in their training. What is it mike calls this, target fixation? Focus on one problem too much and you lose the big picture perspective. I believe it applies well to this scenario.



jtrain said:
What if said student never intends to, and never gets an instrument rating? Further, while arguments of primary are valid enough, we learn new things during every rating; what's to say you can't learn to add that one to your preflight later in your training as you move up in ratings and equipment? I mean I sure as heck checked some things on the ERJ that didn't even exist on a Cessna 172, and I never forgot them due to not being taught them from the get go.

That is, if an argument from primacy, is what you were driving at.

A little nit pick here that I have mentioned various times in the past. Primacy says that what we are taught first we remember. It doesn't mention anything about items that are omitted from training cannot be learned later. After all, this is the premise that building block learning is designed around.



Mike: I think that military checklist idea would be great for us. I am all for structure. I would want a good, FAA approved, and well laid out professional checklist available for each aircraft. If they could do that, I would be happy. The checklists we have are just absurd: often over worded, poorly laid out, and just cumbersome to use in the cockpit.

A 3-fold approved checklist that fits on my kneeboard with all of the flight checks on on side, flip over for emergencies, and open up for ground checks (the way DWC made them) is MUCH easier and safer IMO. I will try to get some pictures for an example later.
 
Re: Icing

No need to waste your time - look at his post history. Of course he's not going to read the whole thread to actually try to understand you - he's going to imply a whole lot without trying to gain understanding. The one other (locked) thread he was in should explain it all.

Oh. Wow. I only skimmed that thread just now, but the bits I read were...impressive...to say the least.
 
Re: Icing

No need to waste your time - look at his post history. Of course he's not going to read the whole thread to actually try to understand you - he's going to imply a whole lot without trying to gain understanding. The one other (locked) thread he was in should explain it all.

Look, I'm not going to convince you otherwise, so it's not worth wasting my time. If you want to teach your students it's OK to only follow the regulations that you feel like following, or that it's OK to just do the preflight items that you feel like doing, then go right ahead. I just hope your students get a chance to fly with a real instructor who knows a thing or two about aviation safety because you obviously don't. I wish you luck, because you'll need it when that day comes when you get ramp checked by the FAA.
 
Re: Icing

Look, I'm not going to convince you otherwise, so it's not worth wasting my time. If you want to teach your students it's OK to only follow the regulations that you feel like following, or that it's OK to just do the preflight items that you feel like doing, then go right ahead. I just hope your students get a chance to fly with a real instructor who knows a thing or two about aviation safety because you obviously don't. I wish you luck, because you'll need it when that day comes when you get ramp checked by the FAA.

Oh my...I don't know what else to say. You got me laughing out loud at this one. Have a nice day.
 
Re: Icing

Look, I'm not going to convince you otherwise, so it's not worth wasting my time.

Okay, what you still don't understand is the type of community we have going on here. JRH has a LONG history of excellent posts, even temperaments, and clear evidence of being a dedicated and knowledgeable instructor.

Read the ENTIRE thread to get everything JRH has said in context. Then look at his post history to see what kind of person he is.

Other people in this thread have disagreed with JRH in a very respectful way - these people have read the entire thread and have provided their opinions based on the context of the discussion. You have not.

If you want to teach your students it's OK to only follow the regulations that you feel like following, or that it's OK to just do the preflight items that you feel like doing, then go right ahead.

Is that what JRH was advocating?

I just hope your students get a chance to fly with a real instructor who knows a thing or two about aviation safety because you obviously don't. I wish you luck, because you'll need it when that day comes when you get ramp checked by the FAA.

I hope they do to - assuming I had students. Which I do not. Which you would have known if you came to JC with an open mind ready to learn instead of with guns blazing looking for a fight.

And look - I understand the internet is usually a place of mindless anonymity - but JC is different. I'll throw out the olive branch to you - none have taken it so far but maybe you'll rise above the rest. My name is Ian, I fly helicopters for the US Army in Connecticut. What is your name and what do you do?
 
Using their brain space to memorize a 101 item preflight check leads me to believe that something far more dangerous will be forgotten in their training. What is it mike calls this, target fixation? Focus on one problem too much and you lose the big picture perspective. I believe it applies well to this scenario.

First of all, the preflight check shouldn't be memorized. There's no need for it. If they do it enough, eventually they'll get it into a flow, but even if they don't, there's no reason why it's not okay to go around the plane with a checklist and just do the whole thing as a read-and-do.

Secondly, if they do develop a flow, it's a lot easier to just check something even if you're not going to need it - the flow is pretty much something you don't have to think about, whereas pausing to ask yourself "am I going to need the pitot heat on this flight?" may end up requiring more mental capacity. If it's not working, then you can stop and decide what you want to do about it. It also puts the seed in their mind that it's okay to skip it, and if they do it enough it may end up as the routine, which is a recipe for trouble should the day come where they actually do need it and skip it anyway.

My two cents.
 
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