Regarding the whole Europe and paying for type ratings thing... I might be wrong but from what I heard, it mostly started with Ryanair and spread to other airlines. Where did Ryanair get the idea?? From Southwest Airlines. But here in Europe, a type rating easily costs 2 or 3 times more than in the US. Today, it seems to become more of the norm than the exception to pay a type rating in Europe. In fact, airlines require applicants to have finished a Multicrew Cooperation Course (a CRM course) before they can even be considered for an interview.
I know some Swedish pilots go through this type of system but it's a better situation than what's being posted here. The pilot/applicant pays about $40,000 for the 737 training course but they can expect to make around $90,000 their first year so the payback is a lot better. These particular pilots I knew also had the advantage that they somehow got a lot of their aviation paid for by the government. Not sure how it all works exactly but needless to say it's different than here.
Wow, those Swedish pilots were lucky then. Unfortunately, the current situation in Europe is quite different.
Unless you are lucky enough to get hired through British Airways, Lufthansa, or Air France's cadet programs, the situation is quite bad. To give everyone an idea...
Pilot training here in Europe costs between €50,000 and €100,000
Then there are literally thousands of 200 hour wonders applying everywhere. Ryanair has been a main source of hiring for these low hour pilots
Ryanair 737 type rating = €28,500; first year pay is about €40,000 (largely dependent on base and what time of year you get hired) but the the pilots don't start getting paid until they pass their safety check which is about 4-6 months down the line, so the actual first year on company property comes up to about half of that. Most of these pilots are contractors, and are required to set up their own company so that they can get reduced income tax while they pay back their loan for the type rating. Nothing is paid for during training. You even have to pay for the privilege to interview... seriously. Many guys go here, get their time and then go elsewhere.
Vueling A320 type rating = €20,000, first year pay varies with flying but can expect around €1800 per month. A junior Captain at Vueling is taking home around €4,000 per month (roughly)
Volotea B717 type rating = €27,500, first year pay is €12,000, three year contract (this is for 250 hour wonders, and they only get hired from CAE/Oxford which is one of the most expensive schools out there). Oh yeah, the interview also costs €460.
Flybe = free type rating. First year pay is around 38,000 GBP from what I have heard guys telling me, but they have graduated from one of three schools which costs approximately 130,000USD
Easyjet = must graduate from CTC, most guys saying that a loan for the whole program plus type rating comes out to loan payments of 1000GBP per month (this is only for their training loan if they didn't front any money). On top of this they have to come up with car payments, rent, living expenses. First year pay I heard is around 40,000 GBP.
Yes, there are guys who get their training paid for by the likes of British Airways and enter right away on a decent salary, but this is the minority. I work at a European flying school and lots of kids are easily sinking €70,000 or more into training, plus an additional €30,000 on a type rating if they even get hired.
I know an A320 captain at a low cost airline here, and he was telling our students that they should probably go buy a type rating and 500 hours somewhere in indonesia or wherever. He said that the airlines didn't value his Skymaster and dual given time. He said that they really want people with time on type. I was dumbfounded. I know a guy with about 3000 hours TPIC on a metroliner, and he applied to the same low cost carrier and they told him that he had too much experience to be considered.
The grass is greener on the other side guys.