I’ll keep it super simple:
Normal Law: Airspeed protections, overbank protections, sidestick requests roll “rate” and pitch “load”.
Alternate Law: You’re having some flight control computer issues, so you may lose some protections because you’ve lost some redundancies, it’s basically a transitional control state to get you back to
Normal Law
Direct Law: The stick directly commands pitch and roll…. Basically, but there are some caveats.
Here is a “MS Paint and FrontPage is kewl” look at some of the laws:
Airbus Flight Control Laws