60 Minutes: Is the Air Force's F-22 fighter jet making pilots sick?

By that standard, every nuclear-armed aircraft ever built, and all of the ICBMs ever built, are "useless". Ridiculous.

But that's not even the point. Since the Raptor has become IOC, there hasn't yet been a conflict where there has been an air threat, and hence there hasn't been a reason to employ it. It has nothing to do with "refusing to expose it to a combat environment." Use a hammer to pound a nail and a screwdriver to install a screw.

If that's not the point, why bring it up? It seems that every response that you have is terse, rude, and snarky. If you are asking a real question to get my opinion, a certain degree of respect, and courtesy may fare better for you. If you're just asking these questions rhetorically, I'll take them as such and move along.

So....based on your crystal ball, what "REAL airborne threat" will the US "ever face"? I mean, since you seem to have some miracle wisdom about that, I'm sure there are lots of man hours and money to be saved in not training to fight Flankers and wade into IADS of double-digit SAMs.

The point isn't if anyone in the world can match Raptor -- clearly they can't. The point IS if anyone in the world can match the aircraft it's replacing, and there are numerous air-to-air and surface-to-air threats that are widely fielded that will absolutely make mincemeat out of Vipers and Eagles. That's true today, and of much greater importance is that it will especially be true in years to come.

Let's not forget the lead time required to design, build, test, and field an operational combat aircraft. The Raptor took more than 15 years to go from paper to operational status. It's not like we can whip up a new batch of capable airplanes in a few weeks once a threat starts showing itself. The Viper and Eagle are OLD designs. It's like the Wright Flyer was sitting on the ramp at Wheeler Field the morning of 7 December 1941 instead of P-40s.

All of this is a moot point, anyway. Raptor is here in operational service...it is phenomenally capable...and they'll do whatever they need to in order for it to be healthy for decades to come. God only knows there's no replacement for it coming anytime soon, either.

Here's my answer, and I'll answer assuming you are asking why I see things the way that I do. I have no crystal ball, just a good measure of perspective and experience to draw from.

There is nothing on the horizon that hasn't been announced in terms of the "latest and greatest" Gen 6 fighter. The military industry needs politicians to do their work. The politicians need the defense companies to do their work, and the politicians can't keep their mouths shut. It's why the JSF was announced before the first CAD image had been drawn. Sukhoi's latest and greatest is the Flanker. Name an operator of the Flanker that you are scared of, or even respect as an adversary. Honestly. Is a Viper in the hands of a Pakistani the same as a Viper in the hands of a Zoomie? An Eagle in the hands of a Saudi the same as one with our guys in it? We know the answer to that...

Anything that IS being kept super secret squirrel renders you, the pilot, obsolete, anyways, and that's just the way things are going. We live in a new day and age.

We aren't going to war with China. They own us. Like all of our debt own us. And all of our manufacturing. And the majority of industry. They'll default us, and it's game over. Russia? Pakistan? N. Korea? We would have done it already. Who is it? Iran? It won't be because they pose a real threat to yours or my freedom. ;)

If the argument is that we needs them to counteract SAMs, why are packages built around Growlers and CJ's? The F-22 went into service in 2005. Why was it sidelined for Iraq?

As I said, we're in a new age and time. We have no clearly identified enemies because they are groups and factions, not nations and states. We have the ability to deal with them with our current assets.

We built the F-22 to keep Lockheed in business, and to maintain a technology baseline. That's really my opinion, and the above illustrates why I think what I do.
 
^^^ I think a lot of your questions have good common sense answers, but cannot be answered on an unclass level. Press the "I believe button" on this one....at least that's my answer :)
 
If that's not the point, why bring it up? It seems that every response that you have is terse, rude, and snarky. If you are asking a real question to get my opinion, a certain degree of respect, and courtesy may fare better for you. If you're just asking these questions rhetorically, I'll take them as such and move along.

It's my guess that Hacker isn't too worried about earning your respect :) As far as a subject matter expert on this subject, on this website, he is it bar none. An Eagle driver, combat time, understands the environment in which most of us simply talk about because of what we read on the net.

There is nothing on the horizon that hasn't been announced in terms of the "latest and greatest" Gen 6 fighter. The military industry needs politicians to do their work. The politicians need the defense companies to do their work, and the politicians can't keep their mouths shut. It's why the JSF was announced before the first CAD image had been drawn. Sukhoi's latest and greatest is the Flanker. Name an operator of the Flanker that you are scared of, or even respect as an adversary. Honestly. Is a Viper in the hands of a Pakistani the same as a Viper in the hands of a Zoomie? An Eagle in the hands of a Saudi the same as one with our guys in it? We know the answer to that...

The point of the Raptor is to dominate, intimidate, cause any enemy to think twice about even getting airborne. My buddy's who are fighter guys respect the Flanker, regardless of the driver. The fact that our Viper drivers are better than a Pakinstani driver is great but our guys in a Raptor are not only superior but have the superior aircraft. That's how you go into a fight.

Anything that IS being kept super secret squirrel renders you, the pilot, obsolete, anyways, and that's just the way things are going. We live in a new day and age.

Yeah? Name it then...you must have some info that an F-15E Eagle driver has that he doesn't.

We aren't going to war with China. They own us. Like all of our debt own us. And all of our manufacturing. And the majority of industry. They'll default us, and it's game over. Russia? Pakistan? N. Korea? We would have done it already. Who is it? Iran? It won't be because they pose a real threat to yours or my freedom. ;)

My cyrstal ball is fuzzy, so you're sure it won't ever happen again? Seems to me history doesn't agree with that and it sounds like liberal logic to me, don't prepare for a future enemy or war for we won't ever go to war with them anyway o_O


If the argument is that we needs them to counteract SAMs, why are packages built around Growlers and CJ's? The F-22 went into service in 2005. Why was it sidelined for Iraq?

Wasn't required, their Air Force was non existent. Kind of like when F-15C's weren't required either. If it ever comes to time to fight an enemy with an air force (of course we won't because you said so above lol), it's my understanding that SAM's are shot at fighters as well.

As I said, we're in a new age and time. We have no clearly identified enemies because they are groups and factions, not nations and states. We have the ability to deal with them with our current assets.

Big mistake to only prepare for the last war. Future war fighting projection is key to staying ahead and not falling behind. I can look back in history and it appears that the majority of our wars have been fought against nations and not groups and factions. My educated guess is it can happen again. Best top be prepared I think.

A bit old but still relevant:

 
Well by that description it works the same way the climate control and pressurization in the Dash 8 I fly works, why would that need to be scrubbed, its just outside air that is compressed in the on of the compressor sections of the engine...

You need to be breathing a high concentration of oxygen through the mask. The molecular seive siphons out the normal high concentration of nitrogen in the ambient air coming from the compressors, dumps it overboard, and sends a much higher concentration of pure oxygen to the pilot/aircrew.
 
Here's my answer, and I'll answer assuming you are asking why I see things the way that I do. I have no crystal ball, just a good measure of perspective and experience to draw from.

Were you an intelligence expert or something? What experience are you referencing?

If the argument is that we needs them to counteract SAMs, why are packages built around Growlers and CJ's? The F-22 went into service in 2005. Why was it sidelined for Iraq?

As I said, we're in a new age and time. We have no clearly identified enemies because they are groups and factions, not nations and states. We have the ability to deal with them with our current assets.

We built the F-22 to keep Lockheed in business, and to maintain a technology baseline. That's really my opinion, and the above illustrates why I think what I do.

Those are some pretty dogmatic statements about the future of war and the necessary tools needed. There is a lot going on with emerging and proliferating technology that could seriously hamper the ability of us to conduct worldwide operations. Here is an unclassified, general presentation by Lt Gen Deptula on future threats:
 
just a good measure of perspective and experience to draw from.

I'm interested to know exactly where you have generated your perspective and experience, because if you're as knowledgeable about air-to-air combat as you seem to present yourself you have some very surprising opinions on the subject.

Mine is from 17 years as a USAF officer with two tours as an F-15E pilot, one tour as a maintenance officer, one tour as a fighter lead-in instructor, one tour as an SUPT instructor, and one tour in Afghanistan flying the MC-12. I've flown combat in the "Shock and Awe" phase of the Iraq invasion against all kinds of legacy SAMs and AAA, and have fought against the Raptor directly in the Eagle. I think I have a pretty good background from which to speak on this topic, short of actually being a Raptor pilot at the present time.

Name an operator of the Flanker that you are scared of, or even respect as an adversary. Honestly. Is a Viper in the hands of a Pakistani the same as a Viper in the hands of a Zoomie? An Eagle in the hands of a Saudi the same as one with our guys in it? We know the answer to that...

Suggest you read up on the first two Cope India exercises as an education in underestimating your enemy based on your own misplaced bravado. You never, never assume that your opponent is an idiot. In fact, quite the opposite. I don't think all that much of the Iraqi Air Force on paper, but that certainly isn't an opinion that you'd find anyone who actually flew against them expressing. Their relative incompetence compared to US forces didn't keep a number of US pilots from going home in flag-draped caskets.

There are many formidable operators of Flankers. China, Russia, and India are the top three that I'd be concerned about. Let's not forget that there are lots of Russian mercenaries who are willing to -- and have -- sold their skills and experience to many countries around the world. Think those were actually Ethiopians and Eritreans flying in that air war a decade ago?

Again, doesn't necessarily matter who is flying 'em today. It matters who might be flying them in the next decade or two -- because it's going to be that long until we have a legitimate fleetwide replacement for the Eagle and Viper.

That's just one component of survival in modern warfare, though. We can talk about the IADS in a minute here.

Anything that IS being kept super secret squirrel renders you, the pilot, obsolete, anyways, and that's just the way things are going. We live in a new day and age.

Obviously we cannot even remotely touch what is classified and awesome about the Raptor, but I will say at a minimum that it has nothing to do with rendering the pilot obsolete.

We aren't going to war with China. They own us. Like all of our debt own us. And all of our manufacturing. And the majority of industry. They'll default us, and it's game over. Russia? Pakistan? N. Korea? We would have done it already. Who is it? Iran? It won't be because they pose a real threat to yours or my freedom.

We have no clearly identified enemies because they are groups and factions, not nations and states. We have the ability to deal with them with our current assets.

Nobody predicted we'd be fighting a decade-long war in Afghanistan, either. The annals of history are littered with people who said, "this will never happen" and were wrong. Nobody was particularly worried on December 6, 1941, either.

It's our purpose, our entire mission as a military to be in a position to handle these threats. It's the civilian leadership's mission to avoid needing to use them.

Yes, we are well equipped to deal with "groups and factions". We are incredibly ill-equipped to deal with peer states for the next two-three decades, especially as the US "empire" declines and others, especially in Asia, emerge.

If the argument is that we needs them to counteract SAMs, why are packages built around Growlers and CJ's?

It's not that Raptor is needed to "counteract" SAMs. It's that it's needed to SURVIVE operating in a double-digit IADS. If you don't understand the discussion on this level, we may as well not go any further, because we are straying into sensitive territory with respect to both friendly and enemy capes.

Short version: HARM shooters and jammers aren't gonna cut it if we care about pilots surviving and actually defeating that kind of IADS. Vipers and Eagles don't stand a chance, regardless of who they are supported by.

As an aside, do you actually have any technical knowledge of exactly what and how the Prowler, Growler, and Viper perform the SEAD mission, and compared to the capabilities and vulnerabilities of both legacy SAMs and the double-digit SAMs?

The F-22 went into service in 2005. Why was it sidelined for Iraq?

What air-to-air combat was there for Raptor to participate in Iraq between 2005 and 2011? What IADS was there for it to operate in?

This is why I said, "use a hammer to pound a nail."

By 2005, Iraq was a pure CAS war, and an air-to-air fighter had no business to conduct there. To put it in perspective, during the opening shots of OIF in 2003, after the first 3 or 4 weeks of the war, the leadership sent all of the F-15Cs home because they were serving no function and just "taking up gas".

Does the Raptor have a basic air-to-ground capability? Yes...but then again, so does the F-15C. Neither had a place at a time in a war which required both equipment that was of use in a CAS environment, but also crews who were well trained and experienced in CAS.

What place do you feel that Raptor would have had in the war? Why aren't you making the same complaints about B-2s -- outside of a few missions during Shock And Awe, they weren't being used over there either? What about the Minuteman III -- they were just sitting there in their silos being useless, right?

We built the F-22 to keep Lockheed in business, and to maintain a technology baseline. That's really my opinion, and the above illustrates why I think what I do.

Unfortunately, I think that it shows a fundamental lack of understanding about current friendly and threat capabilities on your part....but that's just my opinion.
 
What about the Minuteman III -- they were just sitting there in their silos being useless, right?.

There's something to be said for falling back from here in Afghan, and sending one of those over here to clean up some pockets of problems......:)
 
I'm interested to know exactly where you have generated your perspective and experience, because if you're as knowledgeable about air-to-air combat as you seem to present yourself you have some very surprising opinions on the subject.

Mine is from 17 years as a USAF officer with two tours as an F-15E pilot, one tour as a maintenance officer, one tour as a fighter lead-in instructor, one tour as an SUPT instructor, and one tour in Afghanistan flying the MC-12. I've flown combat in the "Shock and Awe" phase of the Iraq invasion against all kinds of legacy SAMs and AAA, and have fought against the Raptor directly in the Eagle. I think I have a pretty good background from which to speak on this topic, short of actually being a Raptor pilot at the present time.

My father was an Air Force Test Pilot from 1981 until 89. He retired as a Colonel, from TPS. Combined with his information, and endless hours of study, I have accumulated knowledge of aircraft from the Wright Flyer. I have almost 40 years of aircraft research and study behind me. I went into the Navy in 2003 as a controller where I continued my study and had access to a bulk of the sensitive stuff that I could not track down in my youth. I was stationed at Meridian, where I watched our feeble attempts to train said Saudi, Pakistani, Spanish, and French pilots. I went to DG for a year, where I spent many hours talking with the guys who fly down there. I did a tour in Iraq and Afghanistan as a JTAC giving me access to the combat information about aircraft that I sought, while helping you do your job. I then went to Iraq as a contractor and did some aviation stuff over there. Namely Tikrit, where we are currently in the employ of the Iraqi Government attempting to get those guys qualified to fly airplanes.

Suggest you read up on the first two Cope India exercises as an education in underestimating your enemy based on your own misplaced bravado. You never, never assume that your opponent is an idiot. In fact, quite the opposite. I don't think all that much of the Iraqi Air Force on paper, but that certainly isn't an opinion that you'd find anyone who actually flew against them expressing. Their relative incompetence compared to US forces didn't keep a number of US pilots from going home in flag-draped caskets.

There are many formidable operators of Flankers. China, Russia, and India are the top three that I'd be concerned about. Let's not forget that there are lots of Russian mercenaries who are willing to -- and have -- sold their skills and experience to many countries around the world. Think those were actually Ethiopians and Eritreans flying in that air war a decade ago?

Again, doesn't necessarily matter who is flying 'em today. It matters who might be flying them in the next decade or two -- because it's going to be that long until we have a legitimate fleetwide replacement for the Eagle and Viper.

That's just one component of survival in modern warfare, though. We can talk about the IADS in a minute here.

I don't think our opponent is an idiot, just overmatched. Not stupid, just under-trained. I also have seen a lack of aptitude on their part when observing them from a radar and tower room, and listening to IP's tell tales at the bar. My observation, there is a fundamental lack of aptitude. Apples to apples, comparing them to us, with the same expectations, the washout rate would be somewhere near 90%.

Again, we have too much to lose to jump in the ring with China. It's just not going to happen. Short of them rolling up on our shores, and bringing the fight to us, we WILL NOT take our "Spread Freedom and Democracy Around the World" Tour to Beijing. It would be an absolute bloodbath to the proportions our country is not prepared for. In the air, or on the ground. No smart talking politician would survive that. Russia is still recovering from its collapse and doesn't have the ability to sustain a prolonged conflict. India is another partner in business and the political ramifications of going to war with them would be too high. It's bad when our soldiers come home in boxes, it's worse when the corporations of America come home in boxes. And they pull WAY more weight than any dead soldier.

Obviously we cannot even remotely touch what is classified and awesome about the Raptor, but I will say at a minimum that it has nothing to do with rendering the pilot obsolete.

I was talking about the Gen 6 fighters on the horizon. Not our current front line stuff. I think that there will be a hard push to create a drone fighter. And they're going to make it work, regardless of the cost. That's all I was saying.

Nobody predicted we'd be fighting a decade-long war in Afghanistan, either. The annals of history are littered with people who said, "this will never happen" and were wrong. Nobody was particularly worried on December 6, 1941, either.

It's our purpose, our entire mission as a military to be in a position to handle these threats. It's the civilian leadership's mission to avoid needing to use them.

Yes, we are well equipped to deal with "groups and factions". We are incredibly ill-equipped to deal with peer states for the next two-three decades, especially as the US "empire" declines and others, especially in Asia, emerge.

Exactly. And the F-22 won't solve this problem. Not through capability or intimidation.

As an aside, do you actually have any technical knowledge of exactly what and how the Prowler, Growler, and Viper perform the SEAD mission, and compared to the capabilities and vulnerabilities of both legacy SAMs and the double-digit SAMs?

No. It's an area that I have not put any emphasis on.

What air-to-air combat was there for Raptor to participate in Iraq between 2005 and 2011? What IADS was there for it to operate in?

There wasn't. This is why I say that the F-22 is a technological baseline. It is a one trick pony that we needed to build to maintain a presence in the technological world.

What place do you feel that Raptor would have had in the war? Why aren't you making the same complaints about B-2s -- outside of a few missions during Shock And Awe, they weren't being used over there either? What about the Minuteman III -- they were just sitting there in their silos being useless, right?

I don't think the Raptor HAD a place in the war. I hadn't brought up the B-2 because the thread is about the F-22, and its environmental system, which we have derailed. I can list asset after asset that fills the "technological baseline" bill. It's an evil necessity. But, call it what it is.

Unfortunately, I think that it shows a fundamental lack of understanding about current friendly and threat capabilities on your part....but that's just my opinion.

I think we're looking at it from different perspectives, and I think that you lack an understanding of the global climate and the response to the threat that the current global state of affairs presents. A ballistic submarine won't solve it. A long range bomber won't, and a high tech fighter won't.

And, so, we shall agree to disagree, I suppose.
 
I guarantee raptor dudes aren't studying schematics or in depth engineering descriptions of the obogs system. If there isn't anything you can do about it in the jet (aside from recognizing when it isn't working and pulling the green flow handle), it isn't worth the brain matter of committing to memory. Not in a single seat fighter. Just sayin, don't let me keep you from dorking out though :)

BEEF SUPREME said:
No one can stop me from dorking out!

pilotforhire587 said:
Well by that description it works the same way the climate control and pressurization in the Dash 8 I fly works, why would that need to be scrubbed, its just outside air that is compressed in the on of the compressor sections of the engine...

///AMG said:
You need to be breathing a high concentration of oxygen through the mask. The molecular seive siphons out the normal high concentration of nitrogen in the ambient air coming from the compressors, dumps it overboard, and sends a much higher concentration of pure oxygen to the pilot/aircrew.

As you probably could have guessed, I spent a couple hours reading up on OBOGS and dorking out myself. First of all, the two companies apparently making OBOGS systems for fighters are Honeywell (F-22) and Cobham (F-16, F-15E, A-10, F/A-18, AV-8B, T-6A, F-5 and C-130, among others). Notice which one is currently having problems and which one isn't...

Second, I think I was wrong to criticize the OBOGS technology itself, because it seems to simply be an extension of a tried and true oxygen generation method used in medical and industrial applications. Here's a sales brochure for the Cobham OBOGS on the Northrup F-5, which provides a nice overview of the system components: http://www.cobham.com/media/75385/SYSTEM F-5 OBOGS ADV10555.pdf

However that explanation still refers to "Molecular Sieve / Pressure Swing Absorption" technology as if it's some kind of magical black box. Read on if you want to know what happens inside the box, otherwise disregard this message. :)

The term Molecular Sieve simply means a really good filter - some kind of micro-pourous material that has molecular sized holes that let some molecules through and not others. It's a similar idea to the micro-pourous membranes used in Reverse Osmosis desalination plants that produce drinking water on sailboats and yachts, and if anyone here is into sailing you might have heard of it. In the case of OBOGS, the molecular sieve used is a material called a Zeolite, which is a porous aluminosilicate mineral (literally, a rock). Zeolites are found in nature, and are used in those dessicant powder packs that absorb water (often found in new clothes) but can be synthetically engineered and grown to absorb many different molecules. In this case, they use a synthetic zeolite that absorbs nitrogen. But the actual process that incorporates the molecular sieve to make OBOGS work is called Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA).

Oxygen Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) works by pumping air through a filter medium bed containing zeolites, which absorb the nitrogen content of the air while allowing oxygen and argon to pass through (recall the atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21 % oxygen and ~ 1% argon). Eventually the zeolite filter medium becomes saturated and can't absorb anymore nitrogen until it is "regenerated." A cool feature of the zeolite filter medium is that it will absorb nitrogen at high pressure (150 kPa and above) but will de-absorb it at atmospheric pressure. In order to complete the regeneration process, once the pressure is dropped to Patm and the nitrogen is de-absorbed, the absorbent vessel is flushed with a portion of the just-created purified oxygen and the waste nitrogen is blown overboard. In order to ensure a constant supply of oxygen, two absorption vessels are used simultaneously and they alternate so that as one filters the other one regenerates.

If you want to read more on the process I found a great article on it from the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry: http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/production/1D.pdf

From that article (emphasis added):

The control of the cycling is critical.

PSA zeolite beds are always built in pairs, so that a portion of the oxygen produced from one
bed is used to regenerate the other bed. Clearly, the ratio of oxygen used for regenerating the
other bed compared to that available for sale is critical. At the IChem Ltd plant, each zeolite
bed is saturated after only twenty-two seconds, requiring the pressurisation and regeneration
(i.e. depressurisation and flushing with oxygen) sequence to be precisely computer
controlled.

The plant computer controls all aspects of running a large PSA plant. If there is a problem,
the plant computer pages an operator. Apart from routine maintenance, the plant does not
require the presence of an operator.

This is all well and good at an oxygen-generation plant, which stays on the ground at a constant 1G load with minimal vibration. But in an F-22, under high G load and other demanding conditions, is it possible that the computer controlling the PSA cycle in the OBOGS unit is sending too much oxygen into the regenerating absorption vessel, or mis-timing the depressurization and flushing with oxygen bad enough so that oxygen is slowly bled out of the system until the pilot becomes hypoxic? It's unlikely the problem would be reproducible on the ground, because by the time the jet landed and shut down all the nitrogen would have de-absorbed from the zeolites in the absorption vessels and the process would start over.
 
@ Cannassis, keep in mind that anything you heard from your father, is quite dated in many ways by now, if he retired in '89. Not to mention that I should hope he didn't share any operational details with you of any level of classification (aside from unclass, non-FOUO). I'm sure you got a rudimentary look at what we do if you were an OS, but that level of understanding can be pretty hit or miss depending on what you get to do, geographically where you cruised, etc etc. And while you may have seen the big picture, sanitized tactics in a debrief, you did not see the pilot perspective, the kinds of things we need to do to make things happen on the big screen. This isn't meant as an insult, and it sounds like you have a pretty wide base of experience yourself, but you are still kinda sorta maybe talking out of your behind here a little bit wrt the flying capabilities piece. Guys like myself who do this for a living, are quite glad to have an F-22 around, and have a healthy respect for a lot of the bad guy gear out there. You don't need double digit SAMs and 5th gen fighters to attrite legacy platforms with numbers. I can think of a number of places that don't include China that would fit this category.
 
We aren't going to war with China.

Very true.

They own us. Like all of our debt own us. And all of our manufacturing. And the majority of industry. They'll default us, and it's game over.

Very untrue. They won't default us because they will fundamentally cut off their nose to spite their faces. We owe them a lot, but more importantly, we owe them the most. We're no good to them, or their economy, in a default state and they know it.

Owe the bank a thousand, and it's your problem. Owe the bank a hundred million, and it's the bank's problem.
 
I am an F-16 pilot. 3 Years in. Hacker is right...sorry man. It sounds like you did your nation some good service and thanks for that, but a former JTAC with a pilot Dad and years studying Janes does not equate to the knowledge/experience Hacker has.

That said...I think you make some good points. If we go to war with China, Russia, etc., there will probably be missiles lobbed in either direction that will render a lot of systems obsolete.

One more thing...write your congressman because this idea of the bad guys having limited training/flight hours is no longer valid. Ask any fighter pilot you meet how many hours a year he is getting these days and you might be surprised.
 
As you probably could have guessed, I spent a couple hours reading up on OBOGS and dorking out myself. First of all, the two companies apparently making OBOGS systems for fighters are Honeywell (F-22) and Cobham (F-16, F-15E, A-10, F/A-18, AV-8B, T-6A, F-5 and C-130, among others). Notice which one is currently having problems and which one isn't...

Second, I think I was wrong to criticize the OBOGS technology itself, because it seems to simply be an extension of a tried and true oxygen generation method used in medical and industrial applications. Here's a sales brochure for the Cobham OBOGS on the Northrup F-5, which provides a nice overview of the system components: http://www.cobham.com/media/75385/SYSTEM F-5 OBOGS ADV10555.pdf

However that explanation still refers to "Molecular Sieve / Pressure Swing Absorption" technology as if it's some kind of magical black box. Read on if you want to know what happens inside the box, otherwise disregard this message. :)

The term Molecular Sieve simply means a really good filter - some kind of micro-pourous material that has molecular sized holes that let some molecules through and not others. It's a similar idea to the micro-pourous membranes used in Reverse Osmosis desalination plants that produce drinking water on sailboats and yachts, and if anyone here is into sailing you might have heard of it. In the case of OBOGS, the molecular sieve used is a material called a Zeolite, which is a porous aluminosilicate mineral (literally, a rock). Zeolites are found in nature, and are used in those dessicant powder packs that absorb water (often found in new clothes) but can be synthetically engineered and grown to absorb many different molecules. In this case, they use a synthetic zeolite that absorbs nitrogen. But the actual process that incorporates the molecular sieve to make OBOGS work is called Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA).

Oxygen Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) works by pumping air through a filter medium bed containing zeolites, which absorb the nitrogen content of the air while allowing oxygen and argon to pass through (recall the atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21 % oxygen and ~ 1% argon). Eventually the zeolite filter medium becomes saturated and can't absorb anymore nitrogen until it is "regenerated." A cool feature of the zeolite filter medium is that it will absorb nitrogen at high pressure (150 kPa and above) but will de-absorb it at atmospheric pressure. In order to complete the regeneration process, once the pressure is dropped to Patm and the nitrogen is de-absorbed, the absorbent vessel is flushed with a portion of the just-created purified oxygen and the waste nitrogen is blown overboard. In order to ensure a constant supply of oxygen, two absorption vessels are used simultaneously and they alternate so that as one filters the other one regenerates.

If you want to read more on the process I found a great article on it from the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry: http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/production/1D.pdf

From that article (emphasis added):



This is all well and good at an oxygen-generation plant, which stays on the ground at a constant 1G load with minimal vibration. But in an F-22, under high G load and other demanding conditions, is it possible that the computer controlling the PSA cycle in the OBOGS unit is sending too much oxygen into the regenerating absorption vessel, or mis-timing the depressurization and flushing with oxygen bad enough so that oxygen is slowly bled out of the system until the pilot becomes hypoxic? It's unlikely the problem would be reproducible on the ground, because by the time the jet landed and shut down all the nitrogen would have de-absorbed from the zeolites in the absorption vessels and the process would start over.



That was a nice read! Maybe you should write the airforce about that.
 
And, so, we shall agree to disagree, I suppose.

I think that's a graceful way to end this one, sure.

Some thought and consideration should be given, though, when the F-15 pilot, the F-16 pilot, the F-18 pilot, the A-10 pilot, and the E-2 pilot that are involved in the discussion here have significant differences of opinion on, or plain disagree with, more than one of your central points.
 
You don't need double digit SAMs and 5th gen fighters to attrite legacy platforms with numbers.

This is the thing, I think, that so many folks outside the tactical community do not understand and is both true and incredibly important. Adding the good fighters and SAMs into the mix make that factoid even more grave.

I believe that there are really two root causes: our own recent successes, and us believing in our own successes. It's created this self-licking-ice-cream-cone aura about US military power in which we tell ourselves how good we are, and the people holding the money bags we need for new equipment believe what we are saying.
 
This is the thing, I think, that so many folks outside the tactical community do not understand and is both true and incredibly important. Adding the good fighters and SAMs into the mix make that factoid even more grave.

I believe that there are really two root causes: our own recent successes, and us believing in our own successes. It's created this self-licking-ice-cream-cone aura about US military power in which we tell ourselves how good we are, and the people holding the money bags we need for new equipment believe what we are saying.

You don't need advanced stuff at all. Look at some of the losses we've taken since the mid 1980s:

Multiple F-15Es and an F-14 lost to SA-2s.
F-16s losses to SA-3 and SA-6 missiles
F-117 loss to SA-3
Multiple A-10 an AV-8 losses to SA-9 and SA-13 systems, as well as Roland
A-10, AV-8, OV-10, A-7 and A-6 losses to early generation IR SAMs and simple AAA.
F/A-18 loss to MiG-25

None of these systems have been of the double-digit advanced such as an SA-10/12/15/20 or 24 (SA-13 is a simple IR system); systems that will screw your day up easy. All of our losses have been from systems of, at best, early 1970s vintage and earlier, the Roland being the only exception. The old stuff will still kill you as lethal as the new stuff will, maybe just not with as much ease.
 
yup, it all depends on the operator and when the pilot detects it. Knowing something is chasing is part of the battle. After watching several specials on the gulf war, it seems quite a few SA's failed to track our aircraft and just went flying buy, thankfully the idiots on the ground didn't know how to run the systems all the time.

MikeD. don't they have some sort of launch detection system in the fighters that can pickup an SA that is fired ballistically?
 
I think that's a graceful way to end this one, sure.

Some thought and consideration should be given, though, when the F-15 pilot, the F-16 pilot, the F-18 pilot, the A-10 pilot, and the E-2 pilot that are involved in the discussion here have significant differences of opinion on, or plain disagree with, more than one of your central points.


Ah the JC Fighter Mafia....

I've seen one or more of you patrol the boards like some band of hoodlum thugs citing a know it all bravado about anything military. You're quick on the draw with the "I (or he) fly/flies the mighty ____, and I've/he/we done it in COMBAT, therefore I have credibility."

@AMG I gave you a brief background, and you took the retirement in 89 as THE END. It was not. He had a career afterwards. In aviation. In development and design. And in testing. I assure you that he is well qualified to speak on these topics. That said, I'm not sure how this turned into a capability discussion. My point of view comes from a "WHY WAS IT BUILT?" perspective.
Additionally, I too am guilty of invoking "THAT'S CLASSIFIED AND SENSITIVE" when I may not have known as much about something as I espoused to. I'm guilty of it also.

So good for you guys for flying the mighty (insert here). Last I checked there were good guys and bags that fly the mighty (insert here). Don't be one of the latter if someone on the board doesn't agree with you.

Here's a tip: you wouldn't know that Mike flew the F-117, unless someone volunteers that for him.
 
So we have the "Inner Circle" a "JC Fighter Mafia" and "The Chosen Ones". I'm going to have to create badges so I know who I'm talking to! :)
 
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