Mountain SAR flying

aloft

New Member
Just got back from 6 fun-filled days out in Minden, NV searching for Steve Fossett, thought some of you might be interested in what mountain SAR flying is like. I've attached a Google Earth .kmz file that will show you the GPS track from my flight Saturday afternoon in 3D.

The first portion of the flight was a departure out of the search base at Minden, then landing at a dirt strip in Dyers, CA to pick up part of a crew that had been stranded. Their aircraft had engine trouble so they set down at the dirt strip, which just happened to be owned by an A&P, who fixed their problem. The mission base decided to have the pilot fly the aircraft back to Minden solo, then have me pick up his crew and finish their grid assignment. That was my first takeoff and landing on a non-paved runway, the surface was more sand-like than dirt. Good times.

Once we were airborne we resumed searching the grid the crew had been assigned, which is the 15 minute x 15 minute area south and west of 118 deg W and 38 deg N. As you'll see in GE, the terrain was half flat valley at about 5,000 ft, and mountainous terrain with peaks above 14,000 ft. Most of the flying was drainage searches, flying down from the top at 1000 ft AGL and 90 kts. Maintaining those parameters required idle power and full flaps, which resulted in a descent rate in excess of 1500 fpm.

I wish I'd had my digital camera clipped to the glareshield so you could see how cool flying down those drainages was, but alas, you'll have to settle for this. The return leg isn't on there as the batteries in my GPS died just as we ceased our searching and started to head for Minden. (If you're wondering why we neglected the southern third or so , the crew had already covered that area pretty good with their other pilot.)

Just to give you an idea of the scope of the operation, we were but one of 12 CAP aircraft operating out of Minden; another 15 or so were operating out of Bishop, CA, in addition to Nevada National Guard helicopters and a C-130, and another dozen or so private helicopters and fixed wing aircraft funded by the Hiltons and Fossetts out of the Flying M Ranch.

[EDIT: Whoops, the .kmz extension isn't allowed...I'll add the file if a mod or somebody can add it as an accepted file type.]
 
Actually I find it interesting. This was through CAP? You are up in SLC right? You mention there were about 30 CAP flights out. Were they from all over the place or just from that geographic area? Sounds like an interesting sort of flying too. You got to see a lot of the terrain at least.

What did we do before Google Earth?:)
 
Is there any rhyme or reason to that? It looks like your just tooling around out there. Do you plan out where you're going to look, or do you just wing it?
 
A serious question, not one thats meant to take a shot at your efforts or the service you're providing, as I have NO idea what goes into an everyday SAR mission; do you think all this effort would go into an average Joe that went missing? I mean 20+ airplanes, I could only hope they'd all show up if I go down.
 
No offense, but doesn't look like a very well organized search grid...looks more like randomly flying around a designated area.
 
No offense, but doesn't look like a very well organized search grid...looks more like randomly flying around a designated area.

Looks organized to me, flying down canyons and ravines with passes at the top and bottom. Aloft it appears your flying over steeper contour areas?

And who knows if the grid was already flown before in other areas
 
Yes, I'm out of SLC. I was part of the 2nd or 3rd wave of folks participating in the search. CAP being a volunteer organization, people have jobs and a limited amount of time they can take off for searching, so relief crews came from all over. We had aircraft and crews from Oregon, Idaho, California, Utah, Colorado and Nevada in Minden, and a couple of ARCHER system operators were even brought in from Texas and Oklahoma on Friday.

My GPS track might've made more sense if you could look at it in 3D within Google Earth, but yeah, there's a method to the madness. Most of the search was spent flying down the various drainages off that 14,000' peak, and climbing back up for the next pass. Most of the "tooling around" you see was during climbs back to 13-14,000'. Each pass down the mountain took 3-4 minutes, climbing back up took considerably longer. The track is color-coded by altitude, with purple being 13-14k, red being 5-6k or so. Additionally, it was late in the afternoon and we only got the northern 2/3rds done before the mountain shadows rendered searching ineffective, when we terminated and headed for the barn. (The mission base staff keeps notes on each grid searched, and had that grid been searched again, the fact we terminated prior to covering the southern 1/3rd well would've been communicated to subsequent crews.)

Before we ever left the ground, we looked over topo maps of the 15-minute-square grid to determine our plan of attack; just as in Pt 121 or 135 ops, good CRM necessitates that everyone be on the same page once we're in the air. The terrain generally dictates the search pattern to be flown, with the choices for mountainous terrain being a contour search--following the general contour of the hill, starting at the top and working your way across and down--or a drainage search, starting at the tops of deep draws in the mountainside, and flying straight down them--or a combination of the two. Searches of flatlands are done with parallel track, creeping line, expanding square or route patterns, which would look a LOT more "organized" as they're flown with GPS guidance. A search crew is usually three people, a pilot and two spotters--one in the right seat and one in the seat behind the pilot, looking out both sides of the aircraft. Depending on visibility and terrain, we can cover a swath up to 3-4 miles wide with each pass. In this case, some of the draws were pretty shallow and could be covered at the same time the adjacent one was searched, while others dictated a dedicated pass.

A thorough search of the valley floor wasn't really necessary as the area was populated, leaving pretty much just the mountain to cover--which had been covered previously by other crews; virtually everywhere Fossett could've gone given his fuel state has been searched multiple times now, and that's one of the main reasons for Monday's drawdown of search forces as there is a point at which the returns are diminishing, while the danger to search crews remains as high on the first sortie as the last.

Would 30 aircraft turn out for an average joe? That's not terribly likely, but not out of the question--particularly when more than one state is involved. Note that while the base at Minden had crews from 5-6 different states, the California base at Bishop had even more airplanes and crews, all from California. This search is unusual due to the excess of media attention and political and other driving forces, CAP folks are always ready to jump at a moment's notice to search when called. We go through a pretty decent amount of training to safely do what we do, and people want to put that training to use whenever necessary. From my perspective, it seems like search missions are fewer and farther between than they were 10 or 20 years ago, which likely correlates with the economy's ups and downs and whether GA pilots can afford to fly. Additionally, most searches don't drag out for days and weeks like this one as there is usually an ELT running; generally, those are found pretty quickly as we have satellites that narrow down the ELT's location pretty good, making it easy to home in on the signal with the direction finding gear in our airplanes. When there is no ELT signal, however--as is the case with the Fossett search--things get a lot more complicated. Fossett wasn't going anywhere in particular, hadn't filed a flight plan, and was flying in an area without particularly good radar coverage due to the mountains in every direction. There have been analyses of raw ARTCC radar done (via what's called the National Track Analysis Program, or NTAP), so we have a rough idea of his last known position, and all the searching has radiated from that spot, limited by the amount of fuel he had on board.
 
http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/09/25/steve.fossett.ap/index.html

The Air Force came up with a couple new leads after analyzing some secret radar and satellite stuff. The new area of interest mentioned, the Silver Peak range, is in the grid right next to the one depicted in my previous post. Crazy if I was that close to him!

Got those Google Earth files hosted online if anyone wants to check em out:

GPS Track
Grid overlay

Just click on em, they should automatically open up in Google Earth.
 
Back
Top