I would hardly say Congress caused this issue. 3407 pointed out a problem in regionals. The current economy is now correcting years of poor hiring by the majors, which allowed the regionals to get away with poor rules and pays. IMO there are qualified pilots able to fly for the regionals if the pay and rules were acceptable.
Both Bandit and I have picked on different parts of a system with flaws. Neither of us mentioned that mouthwash, Scope, which really started the outsourcing trend by the majors. It allowed smaller airlines & aircraft to move up from connecting very-low-traffic cities to hubs with larger planes. Manufacturers built ever-larger planes which were more efficient when full and traveling longer distances - true for
both the regionals and the majors. Trunks didn't want to bother with the smaller, less-profitable lift, so they outsourced it, to the point that now, more than half the flights on any given day are flown by a 'Regional, even if they are 3 hours long and cross major geography. People
will find opportunities! One of the more interesting trends right now is the beginnings of a reversal here by the majors.
3407 pointed out
several problems, and Congress reacted to the public's outrage, something which happens in a democracy. [One could even say that the phenomenon of Mr. Trump is a reaction to the public's outrage(s)! ]. 3407's CA had 3374 hours, but only 111 as a Q-400 CA. He'd be legal under today's rules. The FO had 2244 hours, with 744 in type. She'd also be legal. He had a poor training history, and Colgan's training had some holes; Congress didn't do much about that, but the airlines have been doing a somewhat better job and the FAA is less likely to overlook problems. They broke the sterile cockpit rule. CVRs aren't new, but I'll bet most pilots think twice about that one, particularly in poor flying conditions. One of the easiest targets for Congress and the FAA was rest and duty time, and they made corrections. We'll never know exactly how much 3407's crew's tiredness contributed to lower situational awareness and slower reactions as the crisis developed but it's certainly a factor and an easy one to target. Like many governmental reactive situations, Washington may not have gotten it all right, and there are unintended consequences, but they accomplished something.
I'm not sure I follow Bandit's thesis of poor hiring by the majors, and thus poor rules and pay at the regionals. We'd all agree about the poor rules and pay, and that certainly had made it harder for them to hire enough flight crew. For all regionals over time, not just GLA. But I'd suggest that it is largely created by the fact that the regionals are in the middle economically, between the majors and their system of paying the regionals for lift, and a flying public that expects cheaper seats. It seems pretty unrelated to the increasing number of retirements at the majors, caused by time's winged chariot more than poor HR practices, leading directly to their need for new-hires from the
Farm Clubs at the regionals.
You may not always get what you pay for, but it's a safer bet that you
don't get what you
don't pay for.