True, AirTran has some wacky numbering correlation on their early 737s between both the registration sign and the order of addition to the fleet. "310" is registered as "N184AT."
United, for example, uses a four-digit number, where the first two digits are an equipment coding (e.g., "27xx" might be an international config. 777, while "22xx" is domestic seating (I think)). The last two digits are the last two digits of the numerical portion of the registration. American uses a totally different alphanumeric three-character system; the first character is the fleet code, the next two are serial identifiers (they changed schemes a while back, so some fleets have a mixed identifiers).