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Just wondering too if most of the airlines and the regionals have the Cat III ILS? Any of them have the CAT IIIc? (I've got the Jepp charts in front of me) The IIIC is the one where the ILS doesn't even have an DH or a runway visual range??? (Lots of questions today)
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There are times when an autoland is required and mandatory. And, there are times when the crew simply may elect to autoland for a variety of reasons (currency for both aircraft and crew, low wx, demonstration..) I've autolanded in clear blue skies. My lowest autoland was 800 RVR in Boston. Hardest part was finding my way to the ramp!
Anyway, no US carrier that I'm aware of is certified CAT IIIc. CAT IIIa (700 RVR) & IIIb(300-600RVR) approaches normally use whats called an "alert height" (set and called from the radar altimeter) instead of a "decision altitude" (set called from the baro altimeter).
With an alert height usually set at 100' RA, you're not required to see
anything when you get there. With a decision height (actually called a "decision altitude")you are required to see something prior to landing (like a normal CAT I ILS). An "alert height" is basically a point where the Capt desides whether to continue to land or go-around based on aircraft systems being "green" for an autoland. You're not looking for anything out the front window nor are you required to see anything. Actually, at 100' the aircaft's systems redundancy should allow it to complete a successful autoland with a loss of a major system such as an engine failure, hyd or electrical failure. As long as you don't get some kind of "No Autoland" warning, the technique is to let it go ahead and autoland. If not, you do a hand flown go-around. This is probably the hardest thing for a pilot to do and that is to just sit on your hands if something fails below 100'.
Sometimes, an inop aircraft component prior to starting the approach requires us to set a 50' (yes, I said 50 feet!
) DH on a CAT IIIa approach. This is read from the radar altimeter and we are requird to see something at 50' prior to landing.
Anything less than CAT I mins requires us to use the autoland feature. This is just a basic overview of autolanding.