Pay is a touchy issue right now, especially with our contract in the hands of congress. The main issue between the union and the FAA is the pay issue.
For a controller to earn 175K one would have to work a significant amount of overtime and premium pay, and work at a high paying facility. Premium pay includes such things as Sunday pay, night differential, holiday pay, training pay, etc. By themselves they are not much (a small %) but together they can add up. Also note that many times when a number such as 175K is advertised they neglect to point out that it includes benefits, as Gov't employees we receive medical, retirement, etc.
We are paid based on the facility level we work at, which off the top of my head currently run from a level 6 through level 12. A facility level is determined via formulas that factor traffic count, traffic complexity, airspace, type of operations, etc. Basically the majority of your towers are level 6-10, with the level 11 and 12 facilities being the busier towers, tracons, and enroute centers (ARTCC's). The top pay is at your big facilities, centers like ZNY, ZDC, ZOB, ZTL, etc. Also tracons, such as N90. In NY the big three towers (JFK, LGA, EWR) are all level 10's. But, a place like TPA in Florida is a level 11 because they are an up/down, tower upstairs with the tracon downstairs. Controllers there are dual rated, they work the tower and the radar.
As for placing new hires they place them where they are needed and that generally is your large busy facilities that are hard to staff. For the last several years new hires have been hired into just about every ARTCC in the country.
A fully rated controller at a level 10 facility and above can make above 100K, especially with the premium pay outlined above. Many of the busy facilities are hard to staff so you also see your share of overtime which is a double edged sword. From the outside looking in it may look like an opportunity to cash in but to be honest it is often blood money. If it is assigned we work it but the time away from the job is nicer, I don't mind the occasional OT shift but the business of having people work 6 days a week at this job is a sure fire way to burn out fast.
For detailed information check out -
http://atpayplan.natca.net/